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Diagram illustrating TCR (Transaction Record Component) packets used in payment clearing and settlement files

Payment Systems

What Is TCR (Transaction Record Component)?

TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.

Family member credit card debt liability

Credit Card

Can I Be Held Responsible for a Family Member's Credit Card Debt?

With economic crises and the pandemic, the number of people struggling to pay has risen. Under the Turkish Civil Code, only the cardholder is responsible for their credit card debt, unless you are a guarantor or inheritance rules apply.

Diagram illustrating how bank fraud detection systems analyze transactions

Fraud

How Do Fraud Applications Work?

Fraud management is used to detect possible fraud on customer accounts and provides additional security for transactions when necessary, making it one of the top priorities for banks.

Diagram showing the structure of the ISO 8583 F54 Additional Amounts field

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F54)

F54 - ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS is the additional amount field used in transactions. It can take different values depending on the transaction, such as carrying account balance information for balance inquiries.

Reference table of ISO country codes including two-letter, three-letter, and numeric codes

ISO 8583

ISO Country Codes

In ISO messaging standards, country codes sent in fields such as F43, F19, F20, and F21 must follow a specific standard. Below is the country code list and details used for ISO, including 2-character, 3-character, and numeric codes.

Diagram showing the CAT (Cardholder Activated Terminal) Indicator field used in payment authorization messages

Merchant & POS

What is the CAT (Cardholder Activated Terminal) Indicator?

CAT (Cardholder Activated Terminal) devices are typically unattended terminals that accept various payment cards. These terminals are frequently installed at railway ticket stations, gas stations, toll roads, parking lots, and other commercial locations.

Diagram of ISO 8583 Field 3 Processing Code structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F3)

Field 3, Processing Code, is the field that shows what type of transaction is being performed and is critical for authorization. A Sale from POS differs from a Cash Withdrawal at an ATM.

Diagram illustrating the soft chargeback retrieval request process between cardholder, issuer and merchant

Chargeback

What Is a Soft Chargeback?

A soft chargeback, also called a retrieval request, is a request for documents about a transaction the cardholder does not recognize. Learn why customers request them, what information merchants should provide, and why a fast response matters.

Table listing ISO 8583 Field 25 (POS Condition Code) values

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F25)

F25 - POINT OF SERVICE (POS) CONDITION CODE is the field that defines the condition under which a POS transaction was performed. Possible values include 00 Normal presentment, 01 Customer not present, 02 Unattended terminal, and more.

Diagram illustrating the retrieval request process in card transactions

Chargeback

What is a Retrieval Request?

A chargeback is when cardholders dispute a transaction made without their knowledge through their card-issuing bank. So what does a Retrieval Request mean? It is essentially a document request related to transactions a cardholder does not recognize on their statement.