Preview of the English edition: only a few articles are translated so far. The rest are in Turkish and are marked TR.

Topics

The map of payment systems

The questions and articles of each area, under one heading.

Cards

The issuing journey of plastic and digital cards.

Credit card

The issuing process from limit and installments to scheme rules and the cardholder.

Debit card

Real-time balance, pre-authorization and partial approval on account-linked cards.

Prepaid card

Closed- and open-loop cards where the balance sits on the card or the account.

Where a payment is accepted — at the merchant, an ATM, or remotely.

Merchant and POS

The merchant's acceptance chain, from onboarding to end-of-day, physical terminal to virtual POS.

ATM

Cash withdrawal, balance inquiry and card recognition between the terminal and the host.

E-commerce

Identity, 3-D Secure and stored card data in a card-not-present environment.

Mobile payment

Acceptance moved to the phone through wallets, HCE and QR codes.

Contactless payment

How limits, CVM and the offline counter affect a PIN-free tap.

The layer where a transaction is authorized, routed and settled.

FAST

Instant account-to-account transfer and where it departs from the card schemes.

Payment institutions and e-money

License scope, capital requirements and what a fintech's license actually covers.

ISO 8583

The fields of an authorization message, retries and reversals.

EMV

Application selection, cardholder verification and risk parameters on a chip card.

Fraud, chargebacks and the rules payment systems operate under.

Security and chargebacks

Protecting card data, flagging suspicious transactions and who a dispute falls on.

Law and regulation

Where Laws 5464 and 6493, and the regulations under them, reach into product design.

Emerging payment models and technologies.

Open banking

Account information and payment initiation opened to third parties with the customer's consent.

Closed-loop payments

Off-scheme balances, loyalty, and a merchant building its own acceptance network.

Agentic commerce

Payment and authorization in commerce where a software agent carries out the purchase.