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Diagram of a partial authorization where an issuer approves only part of the requested amount

Merchant & POS

What Are the Partial Authorization Requirements for an Acquirer Bank?

Partial authorization lets an issuer approve part of the requested amount when the card lacks the full balance, with the rest paid another way. This post covers the technical, receipt, clearing, reconciliation, merchant and certification requirements for acquirers.

Illustration representing the products and services KKB offers directly to its member institutions

Credit Card

What Products and Services Does KKB Offer Directly to Members?

KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.

Diagram illustrating TCR (Transaction Record Component) packets used in payment clearing and settlement files

Payment Systems

What Is TCR (Transaction Record Component)?

TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.

Illustration representing an AI agent making purchasing decisions

Agentic Commerce

Agentic Commerce Series – Part 3

Can AI Decide on Our Behalf? Letting an AI agent handle research can make life much easier. The real question is where that should stop, and how much decision-making authority we are ready to hand over.

MasterCard Identity Check logo and authentication illustration

Security

What is MasterCard Identity Check?

Payment security is very important in payment systems. To increase security, transactions require additional information such as PINs and passwords. Remembering which information to use, and keeping it in mind without forgetting…

Illustration representing Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) under PSD2

Payment Systems

What is Strong Customer Authentication (SCA)?

Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a security requirement introduced under the EU's Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) to increase security and reduce fraud in online payment transactions. SCA requires two of three independent authentication factors.

Bitcoin ATM kiosk used for buying and selling Bitcoin

ATM

What Is a Bitcoin ATM? How Does It Work?

A Bitcoin ATM (BTM) is a specialized kiosk designed for Bitcoin transactions, letting users buy and sell Bitcoin. General features: it enables Bitcoin purchases and sales, and while it visually resembles traditional ATMs...