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"Clearing and Settlement"

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Diagram illustrating clearing and settlement in payment systems

Clearing

What Are Clearing and Settlement?

Clearing: the transmission of transfer orders sent to the system, mediating their mutual delivery, obtaining authorization prior to settlement in some systems, and netting payment orders.

Diagram illustrating clearing types between card-issuing and POS banks

Clearing

What are the Clearing Types?

In card transactions via POS/ATM, when the card-issuing bank differs from the POS/ATM bank (Not Onus), the transaction is subject to clearing. Below, POS can also mean ATM. Is the clearing system a single type? No...

Payment systems in Türkiye overview

Payment Systems

What Are the Payment Systems in Türkiye?

When we hear “payment systems”, card transactions at POS terminals or ATMs usually come to mind. Let's look together at the payment systems recognized by the Central Bank.

Logo and branding of BKM, Turkey's Interbank Card Center

Payment Systems

What is BKM (Interbank Card Center)?

BKM, short for Interbank Card Center, is a legal entity established in 1990 with contributions from 13 public and private Turkish banks to provide clearing and settlement for cards.

Diagram of a partial authorization where an issuer approves only part of the requested amount

Merchant & POS

What Are the Partial Authorization Requirements for an Acquirer Bank?

Partial authorization lets an issuer approve part of the requested amount when the card lacks the full balance, with the rest paid another way. This post covers the technical, receipt, clearing, reconciliation, merchant and certification requirements for acquirers.

BKM Online member information sharing portal

Credit Card

What Is BKM Online (BOL)?

BKM Online is the web-based electronic system that enables communication and information sharing between BKM and its members, including documents, reports, services and work calendars, according to user permissions.

YTH clearing file prefix fields F32, F93, F94 and F100

Clearing

What Are the Prefix Fields in the YTH IN File?

YTH stands for Yurtiçi Takas Hesaplaşma (Domestic Clearing and Settlement), the general name of the clearing system managed by BKM. In the clearing system, prefix values are held in fields F32, F93, F94 and F100.

Diagram showing the flow of incoming and outgoing files in the clearing system between banks

Clearing

Clearing System Files: Incoming and Outgoing Files

The clearing system settles a transaction between two participants when a card from one bank is used at another bank's POS or ATM. Learn about the incoming and outgoing files used in interbank clearing.

Diagram illustrating the ISO 8583 field 32 structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F32)

F32 - ACQUIRING INSTITUTION IDENTIFICATION CODE: the 11-digit acquirer bank ID. The values it can take for domestic transactions and by card brand include Visa, MasterCard, UnionPay, Discover and JCB formats.