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Diagram illustrating the RSA encryption algorithm

HSM & Security

What is RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) Key?

RSA, first used by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman, is a security algorithm used in digital cryptography. RSA differs from older symmetric algorithms because it enables digital signing and advanced encryption for e-commerce systems and high-profile institutions.

Diagram illustrating the EMV Tag-Length-Value (TLV) data structure used in card transactions

Online & Authorization

What are EMV Tags?

In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.

Diagram illustrating SDA, DDA, and CDA offline data authentication methods

Credit Card

What are SDA, DDA, and CDA?

SDA (Static Data Authentication), DDA (Dynamic Data Authentication), and CDA (Combined Dynamic Data Authentication) are offline data authentication methods used in chip cards. Learn how each one validates the card and the transaction.

Illustration showing how an Application Identifier (AID) is used in a chip card transaction

EMV

What is an Application Identifier (AID)?

The AID tells the terminal which applications are present on a chip during a POS or ATM transaction. What does the AID do? It lets the terminal determine whether it supports an application on the chip. In Tag 9F06, it is 5-16 digits long.

Diagram of the components that make up an HCE transaction token

HCE

What components make up an HCE Token (Transaction Token)?

The token used in HCE transactions contains more than just a new number derived from the card number. It also includes single-use keys, an expiration date, RSA keys and certificates, transaction limits, and an Application Transaction Counter (ATC).