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Merchant & POS
Partial authorization lets an issuer approve part of the requested amount when the card lacks the full balance, with the rest paid another way. This post covers the technical, receipt, clearing, reconciliation, merchant and certification requirements for acquirers.
Payment System Institutions
BKM (Interbank Card Center) was founded in 1990 to clear and reconcile credit and debit card payments. This post covers its public collection solutions: contactless transport in Konya, SGK premium payments and e-Government gateway fees.
Payment Systems
Every payment transaction completes in seconds, yet dozens of controls run behind the scenes. This post covers the precautions for authorization and clearing, the critical role of reversals, and the financial loss scenarios most often seen in the field.
Payment Systems
Takasbank (Istanbul Settlement and Custody Bank) exists to increase the competitiveness of Turkey's markets by providing clearing and custody services, financial services, and other economic activities under the relevant legislation.
Merchant & POS
The term 'provizyon' comes from French and means obtaining approval for a transaction. In payment systems, authorization confirms that the card, POS, bank account, and transaction limits are sufficient to complete a payment.
Laws & Regulations
The Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules documents define the fundamental rules that apply to all institutions in the Visa network. They are updated regularly, and all members are expected to follow the latest version.
Credit Card
When I think back to the Akbil I used when I first arrived in Istanbul, I think it's fair to say that Istanbulkart has undergone a very significant transformation. Users can now track activity, top up and view balances right from their phones.
Clearing
The YTH (Domestic Clearing and Settlement) System handles the clearing and settlement between two banks when a transaction is made at another bank's POS or ATM with a card from a different bank. Participants submit records to the YTH system, and...
Merchant & POS
Not Onus is a payment systems term meaning "Not On Us": a situation where the card-issuing bank and the POS/ATM (acquiring) bank differ. Such transactions are settled through clearing between the two banks.
Clearing
YTH stands for Yurtiçi Takas Hesaplaşma (Domestic Clearing and Settlement), the general name of the clearing system managed by BKM. In the clearing system, prefix values are held in fields F32, F93, F94 and F100.
Credit Card
When the card-issuing bank and the POS bank are different, first obtaining authorization and then running the clearing process to finalize the transaction is called Dual Messaging. So why is a dual message structure needed?
Payment Systems
After Russia invaded Ukraine, Visa and Mastercard suspended services for sanctioned Russian banks. This post explains the impact on cardholders and merchants, and Russia's MIR and UnionPay alternatives.