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Credit Card
KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.
Payment Systems
TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.
Payment Systems
Takasbank (Istanbul Settlement and Custody Bank) exists to increase the competitiveness of Turkey's markets by providing clearing and custody services, financial services, and other economic activities under the relevant legislation.
Merchant & POS
Address Verification Service (AVS) is a fraud prevention system that helps limit fraud and chargebacks when used effectively. It verifies that the address a customer enters matches the cardholder's address on file with the issuer.
Credit Card
Amex is short for American Express, a payment scheme like Mastercard, Visa, or TROY. Learn its history, what sets Amex cards apart, and whether every website accepts them.
Online & Authorization
In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.
Chargeback
Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...
Credit Card
Most of us remember the impact the first iPhone, introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 and revolutionary for its time, had on our lives. In a similar way, a product that will completely change how we use and view credit cards...
Agentic Commerce
Can AI Decide on Our Behalf? Letting an AI agent handle research can make life much easier. The real question is where that should stop, and how much decision-making authority we are ready to hand over.
Merchant & POS
In daily credit card purchases, the POS produces two receipts: the Customer Copy and the Merchant Copy. The cardholder gets the customer copy; the merchant keeps its own copy by law.
Credit Card
Credit card fraud keeps changing form, but the aim is always to trick the cardholder into giving up card details. Fraudsters posing as delivery couriers now copy cards on modified POS devices. Here is how the scam works and how to protect yourself.
Laws & Regulations
The articles of the Regulation on the Accessibility of Banking Services are listed below. Published in the Official Gazette on 18 June 2016 (issue 29746), banks must strictly comply with them. PART ONE Purpose...