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Table of CAVV result codes and what they mean for merchants

Merchant & POS

What is CAVV? What is AAV?

CAVV and AAV are verification codes used in 3D Secure transactions to ensure transaction integrity and security. CAVV is used by Visa, while AAV is used by Mastercard.

Diagram showing Electronic Commerce Indicator values used in 3D Secure transactions

Online & Authorization

What is the Electronic Commerce Indicator (ECI)?

Electronic Commerce Indicator (ECI) is a 2-digit value generated by payment schemes (Visa, MasterCard, etc.) in 3D Secure transactions to determine the transaction's security level (Full 3D Secure, Half 3D Secure, Non 3D Secure), and it varies by payment scheme.

Diagram illustrating how bank fraud detection systems analyze transactions

Fraud

How Do Fraud Applications Work?

Fraud management is used to detect possible fraud on customer accounts and provides additional security for transactions when necessary, making it one of the top priorities for banks.

Illustration representing real-time and near real-time fraud monitoring in payment systems

Fraud

What is Online (Real Time) and Near Online (Near Real Time) Fraud?

Fraud monitoring refers to tracking card transactions through scenarios to detect potential fraud and taking rapid action immediately before or after a transaction occurs - such as identifying a suspicious transaction, calling the customer, or temporarily blocking the card to prevent authorization.

Diagram explaining how an offline chip card transaction is approved without contacting the bank

Merchant & POS

What Is an Offline Transaction?

When a chip card transaction is made at a POS, it may be approved by the card and the POS alone, without reaching any system (issuer or acquirer). When do the issuer and acquirer find out about it?

Illustration representing a vishing voice phishing phone scam

Security

What Is Vishing (Voice Phishing)?

Vishing is a method of deceiving the victim using voice. It replaces the "p" in phishing with the first letter of "voice," meaning "voice deception." It is reinforced by technology in social engineering cases to extract information more easily.

Diagram showing payment systems components managed in-house by a bank

Merchant & POS

What Is 'In-house' in the World of Payment Systems?

In-house is a term widely used in the world of payment systems. It means that payment systems applications are managed end-to-end within the bank's own systems, both in terms of code and process.

Illustration showing the consequences of entering an incorrect CVV2 code in an online transaction

Credit Card

What happens if I enter CVV2 incorrectly in my online transactions?

With the advancement of technology, the use of credit cards in online transactions and the variety of payment methods have increased. To make an online transaction with a credit card, you need: Card Number, Expiration Date, and CVV2 (the 3-digit number on the back of the card).

Diagram of symmetric key types used in payment systems

HSM & Security

Types of Symmetric Keys

In the world of payment systems, keys and their uses are important for transferring information from one place to another, storing information, and securing authorization and scripting steps. Key types are divided into six categories based on their purpose.

Warning illustration about a fake social media gift points scam targeting card details

Credit Card

Congratulations, You Won Gift Points..

A real attempted card fraud story: a fake Facebook friend request, a promise of free bank points, and a request for card number, expiry date and CVV2. Here is what happened and how to protect yourself.

Virtual POS payment system diagram for online card transactions

Merchant & POS

What Is Virtual POS?

Virtual POS is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, designed for online shopping. It is not issued to individual customers, only to sole proprietorships, companies, or foundations and associations.