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Payment Institutions & E-Money
A payment institution is a legal entity authorized under the Law to provide and execute payment services. It must be a joint stock company meeting the conditions in Article 14 of Law No. 6493. This post sets out the services listed in Article 12 and the exclusions.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
The Law defines e-money as monetary value issued in exchange for funds accepted by the issuer, stored electronically, used for payment transactions and accepted as a payment instrument by persons other than the issuer. This post explains e-money institutions and the services they may provide.
Credit Card
CVK (Card Verification Key) is the key information used to generate and verify CVV/CVC values, confirming their validity. It is kept as a pair of keys, CVK A and CVK B, encrypted under TMK, ZMK or LMK.
Contactless
As end users, we have come to love contactless payments, which are becoming a bigger part of daily life. So what features let contactless cards make payments without touching the POS terminal? There are two classes: MSD cards and Contactless EMV cards.
ISO 8583
F19 — Acquiring Institution Country Code: the country to which the location of the acquiring bank's device (ATM, POS, etc.) belongs.
Laws & Regulations
In Türkiye, collecting payments requires a payment institution license and issuing e-money requires an e-money institution license. Article 28 of Law No. 6493 sets prison terms and fines for operating without one.
Agentic Commerce
The next customer on the internet may not be human. If AI agents become part of purchasing decisions, the rules of e-commerce, marketing, and payment systems could change.
Fraud
Recently the following news story appeared in the papers. Two things stood out: the hacker was a former banker, and the device he used to clone cards. In banking fraud, insiders who know the system's weak points can build schemes customers never notice.
Laws & Regulations
Law No. 7192 amends certain articles of Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions. Announced on 22 November 2019, it entered into force on 01.01.2020.
Payment Systems
A shared POS is a bank or institution terminal that can host more than one application. This post covers the software, APN and authorization steps, and the key test scenarios to cover in a shared POS project.
Merchant & POS
UnionPay International (UPI) is a China UnionPay subsidiary founded in November 2012. Together with more than 1,000 institutions worldwide, UPI provides international card acceptance in 160 countries and card issuance in more than 40 countries and regions.
Merchant & POS
A Payment Facilitator (PF) is a licensed payment institution that lets merchants accept card payments without applying to banks directly. Learn how it works.