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Illustration of a Card Not Present (CNP) online payment transaction

Credit Card

What Is a CNP (Card Not Present) Transaction?

CNP refers to a transaction made through a website or a company's own app payment page, where the card is not read by any device and its details are entered manually. It is short for Card Not Present.

Table of ISO 8583 response codes that trigger card capture

Merchant & POS

What Are the Card Capture Error Codes?

Response codes returned on payment transactions are critical for managing next steps. Curious which error codes trigger card capture? Under ISO 8583, codes 04, 07, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41 and 43 all result in the card being captured.

Illustration of an ATM with a voice menu for visually impaired customers

ATM

What Must Banks Do for Visually Impaired Customers?

Banks must provide the infrastructure for ATM access by visually impaired customers. Among ATMs side by side or less than 50 meters apart, only one needs to comply; all other ATMs must serve visually impaired customers. Details of Article 7 are below.

Major Industry Identifier digit chart for credit card numbers

Credit Card

What is Major Industry Identifier (MII)?

Major Industry Identifier (MII) is the first digit of a credit card number, representing the category of the institution that issued the card. The MII values and their corresponding categories are listed below.

Illustration depicting digital POS payment terminals

Merchant & POS

What is Digital POS?

The digital form of Point of Sale (POS) systems is called Digital POS. There is also a software-only subtype called Virtual POS. After Mobile POS (mPOS) and Virtual POS usage became widespread, the term digital POS came to refer to these two products.

Illustration representing minimum credit card payment amount calculation

Credit Card

What Is the Minimum Payment Amount? How Is It Calculated?

The minimum payment amount is the portion of the monthly debt - resulting from a cardholder's credit card spending shown on the latest statement - that must be paid. How much of the total debt is the minimum payment amount? Although the calculation varies from bank to bank...

Diagram illustrating TCR (Transaction Record Component) packets used in payment clearing and settlement files

Payment Systems

What Is TCR (Transaction Record Component)?

TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.

Credit card showing CVV security code location

Credit Card

Can a Card Have CVV Printed on Both Sides?

Yes. American Express cards have a 4-digit CVV on the front and a 3-digit CVV on the back, like other cards. Here's how payment forms should handle both formats and why logging the security code is never allowed.

Virtual POS (VPOS) online payment interface screenshot

Merchant & POS

What is VPOS (Virtual POS)?

VPOS (Virtual POS) is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, used for purchases made over the internet. It is also known as Virtual POS. VPOS is not issued to individual customers.