
Credit Card
What Is KKB (Credit Registration Bureau)?
KKB (Credit Registration Bureau) is a private company established in 1995 under Banking Law No. 5411 with nine bank shareholders, sharing credit information among member institutions.
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Credit Card
KKB (Credit Registration Bureau) is a private company established in 1995 under Banking Law No. 5411 with nine bank shareholders, sharing credit information among member institutions.

Payment Systems
Payment and electronic money institutions have had a big impact on the development of payment systems. A sector research report prepared by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance helps explain this ecosystem.

Payment Institutions & E-Money
The BRSA is the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, an autonomous agency that protects savers' rights, ensures banks operate soundly and securely, and contributes to the long-term growth and stability of Turkey's economy.

Credit Card
Although card usage today is shifting from physical use toward virtual use, physical card production, personalization, and printing remain vital steps in card manufacturing. Here are the companies that produce and personalize cards in Turkey.

Payment Systems
Let's start by defining e-money. In general terms, e-money is a monetary value stored on a secure technological device (such as a computer disk). E-money is a concept defined under Turkish law through legislation enacted by the BRSA (BDDK).

Closed-Loop Payments
Is Starbucks really selling coffee, or building an ecosystem? Prepaid balances, a loyalty program and customer data turn a coffee chain's payments into a closed-loop economy, a very different model from Istanbulkart.

Laws & Regulations
A payment institution is a legal entity that provides payment services for electronic payments through the infrastructure it offers. This article covers the Turkish regulatory framework, licensing, safeguarding, supervision, penalties and taxation.

Laws & Regulations
The Regulation amending the Regulation on Program of Compliance with Obligations of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism has been published. It introduces financial group compliance rules, a deputy compliance officer and wider scope.

Open Banking
The European Banking Authority (EBA) is an EU regulatory body headquartered in Paris. It runs stress tests on European banks to increase transparency and identify weaknesses in their capital structures. It was established on 1 January 2011.

Payment Institutions & E-Money
Digitalization is showing itself first in banking and payment systems. The BRSA has announced it will begin issuing digital (branchless) bank licenses, opening the way for new digital banks in Turkey under an amendment to Banking Law No. 5411.