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Laws & Regulations
The purpose of Law No. 5464 on Bank Cards and Credit Cards is to ensure the card payment system works effectively by regulating the issuance and use of bank and credit cards and the related clearing and netting processes.
Agentic Commerce
The next customer on the internet may not be human. If AI agents become part of purchasing decisions, the rules of e-commerce, marketing, and payment systems could change.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
The CBRT published its Communique on the Redetermination of the Minimum Equity Amounts of Payment and E-Money Institutions in the Official Gazette. The new amounts apply from 30 June 2025.
Credit Card
KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
The new regulation on payment services and e-money issuance, published on 1 December 2021, repealed the 2014 regulation on payment institutions and e-money institutions and the related information systems communiqué. This post summarizes the change and the Article 33 equity requirement.
Chargeback
A chargeback is the refund of an amount paid by credit card to the cardholder's card when the purchased goods or services were not received, or when a transaction was not actually carried out by the cardholder.
Credit Card
In online transactions, a one-time 3D Secure password is sent to the cardholder's phone. Find out who is liable if that password is shared with someone else, and what happens when a transaction is not completed with 3D Secure.
Debit Card
When we think of online shopping, we usually picture paying with a credit card. But can customers without a credit card, only an ATM card, shop online? Of course they can — you don't need a credit card to enjoy the convenience of e-commerce.
Security
Payment security is very important in payment systems. To increase security, transactions require additional information such as PINs and passwords. Remembering which information to use, and keeping it in mind without forgetting…
Merchant & POS
In online transactions, Opt Out is the cardholder exercising the right not to enroll in 3D Secure. It is not unlimited: only as many transactions as the issuer allows can be made without 3D Secure.
Payment Systems
A non-secure transaction is an e-commerce transaction approved without any verification before authorization, such as SMS OTP. In short, authorization is obtained by verifying only the card number, expiration date, and CVV2.
E-commerce
Making payments over the internet using a card is called online payment. Learn what online payment systems are used for and what happens behind an online transaction, from the payment gateway to the issuing bank.