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Payment Systems
Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a security requirement introduced under the EU's Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) to increase security and reduce fraud in online payment transactions. SCA requires two of three independent authentication factors.
Security
PAM (Personal Assurance Message) is a message that users set up for 3D Secure transactions. It appears on the password screen during checkout and confirms to the user that the screen truly comes from their own bank.
Online & Authorization
In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.