
Clearing
What Are Clearing and Settlement?
Clearing: the transmission of transfer orders sent to the system, mediating their mutual delivery, obtaining authorization prior to settlement in some systems, and netting payment orders.
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Clearing
Clearing: the transmission of transfer orders sent to the system, mediating their mutual delivery, obtaining authorization prior to settlement in some systems, and netting payment orders.

Payment System Institutions
According to the CBRT's official website, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey has become the controlling shareholder of the Interbank Card Center (BKM), using the authority granted by Law No. 7192.

Laws & Regulations
Turkey is rapidly implementing the items in the 11th Development Plan for a fintech ecosystem with equal opportunity. Under the approved law amendment, some BRSA powers over payment services and e-money companies were transferred to the CBRT, making it the single authority in payments.

Laws & Regulations
Law No. 6493, published in Official Gazette No. 28690 on 27 June 2013, regulates the procedures and principles for payment and securities settlement systems, payment services, payment institutions and e-money institutions.

Payment Institutions & E-Money
The duties of the Payment Systems and Financial Technologies Department, set up within the CBRT Head Office, have been defined, along with the directorates it consists of.

Payment Systems
Open banking opens financial data, under the regulations and with the customer's explicit consent, to third-party service providers through standard APIs. The CBRT has published a guide on payment initiation and account information services, covering licensing and technical certification.

Laws & Regulations
Law No. 7192 amends certain articles of Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions. Announced on 22 November 2019, it entered into force on 01.01.2020.

Payment Systems
Let's start by defining e-money. In general terms, e-money is a monetary value stored on a secure technological device (such as a computer disk). E-money is a concept defined under Turkish law through legislation enacted by the BRSA (BDDK).

Clearing
The clearing system settles a transaction between two participants when a card from one bank is used at another bank's POS or ATM. Learn about the incoming and outgoing files used in interbank clearing.

Merchant & POS
In the first post I explained what closed-loop payment systems are and how they differ from open-loop ones. Many of the replies I received boiled down to one question: how do these systems actually work behind the scenes once a QR code is scanned?

Payment Systems
The Hidden Side of the Payments World. The words a person working in the payment systems industry hears most over a career are probably Visa, Mastercard, POS, debit card, virtual POS, acquiring and card issuing. Frankly, my own career did not unfold very differently from that journey...

Payment Institutions & E-Money
The Law defines e-money as monetary value issued in exchange for funds accepted by the issuer, stored electronically, used for payment transactions and accepted as a payment instrument by persons other than the issuer. This post explains e-money institutions and the services they may provide.