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Illustration representing QR code payment routing in Turkey

Payment Systems

What are the QR Code Routing System (KYS) Rules?

The purpose of these rules is to set out the operating rules, participation requirements, and pricing principles of the QR Code Routing System (KYS) established and operated by BKM, as well as other procedures related to KYS's operation.

Illustration of a payment card used for online shopping

Debit Card

Can You Shop Online with an ATM Card?

When we think of online shopping, we usually picture paying with a credit card. But can customers without a credit card, only an ATM card, shop online? Of course they can — you don't need a credit card to enjoy the convenience of e-commerce.

Logo and branding of BKM, Turkey's Interbank Card Center

Payment Systems

What is BKM (Interbank Card Center)?

BKM, short for Interbank Card Center, is a legal entity established in 1990 with contributions from 13 public and private Turkish banks to provide clearing and settlement for cards.

Mastercard SAFE fraud reporting illustration

Credit Card

What Is SAFE (System to Avoid Fraud Effectively)?

SAFE, short for System to Avoid Fraud Effectively, refers to fraud records created by issuing banks. Fraud records sent in the Mastercard clearing format fall under the SAFE category.

Diagram illustrating a bank's OnUs transaction flow and the process of opening ATMs to other banks' cards

ATM

What needs to be done to open ATMs to the use of all bank cards?

Suppose you are a newly established bank, wanting to offer customers all your products and services. Of course, this is not easy. First, the Bank's OnUs transaction processing step must run successfully before other banks' cards can be accepted at the ATMs.

Payment transaction success rate metric

Merchant & POS

What Is the Transaction Success Rate?

The Transaction Success Rate (TSR) is a key performance metric measuring the percentage of attempted payment transactions that complete successfully, and a critical indicator of overall payment health.

Conceptual illustration of a brain-computer interface chip connected to a human brain

Payment Systems

What Could Neuralink Change in Payment Systems?

Elon Musk was set to unveil Neuralink, a brain-computer interface. What is Neuralink, and how might payment systems change if payments, cards, ATMs and POS devices move from phones to a chip in the brain?