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"card personalization"

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Illustration of a smart card chip related to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard

Credit Card

What is ISO/IEC 7816?

ISO/IEC 7816 is an international standard jointly maintained by ISO and IEC, covering contact-based electronic identification cards, especially smart cards. It consists of 15 different parts, each covering a different aspect of smart card technology.

Diagram of symmetric key types used in payment systems

HSM & Security

Types of Symmetric Keys

In the world of payment systems, keys and their uses are important for transferring information from one place to another, storing information, and securing authorization and scripting steps. Key types are divided into six categories based on their purpose.

Example of a QR code (karekod) pattern

Merchant & POS

What is a static QR code?

A static QR code is a code whose content is fixed and can be used for multiple payment transactions. So what is the difference between a static and a dynamic QR code?

Smart Payment Association (SPA) logo

Payment Systems

What is SPA (Smart Payment Association)?

The Smart Payment Association (SPA) is the trade association of the smart payments industry. It provides leadership and expert guidance to help members and customers realize smart, secure and personalized payment systems and services, now and in the future.

Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI) process diagram

Fraud

What is Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI)?

Chargeback is the process of refunding a credit card payment when the goods or services that should have been received were not, or when transactions not made by the cardholder are identified. In Turkish it is translated as reversal of presentment.

Social engineering fraud and human biases illustration

Fraud

What Biases and Human Behaviors Trigger Fraud?

Sometimes committing fraud by exploiting system vulnerabilities is harder than exploiting human weaknesses. Fraud that exploits such human weaknesses is called social engineering.

Illustration of a 3D Secure payment verification screen

Merchant & POS

What is a 3D Secure transaction?

In e-commerce transactions, the system developed to increase transaction security for payments made with credit and debit cards is called 3D Secure. When paying with 3D Secure, a special payment screen provided by the banks appears on the user's screen.

Illustration of ways merchants can reduce chargebacks on card transactions

Chargeback

How to Reduce Chargebacks (For Merchants)

Chargeback is inherent to card transactions, so it may be impossible to prevent entirely, but taking precautions keeps the risk to a minimum. Here are the key points merchants should pay attention to in order to reduce chargebacks.