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Credit Card
Pre-authorization reduces the merchant's risk by blocking part of the card's limit for a set period. Since a credit card has a defined limit, an amount can be blocked against it. ATM cards and prepaid debit cards have no such limit to block.
Credit Card
Banks must go through a costly, arduous process to issue cards (issuer) and accept cards (acquirer), paying high entry fees to international license providers and local organizations such as BKM.
Payment Systems
In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.
Chargeback
Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...
Laws & Regulations
A card scheme organization establishes a debit, credit or prepaid card system and authorizes entities to issue cards or sign merchant agreements. Troy, Visa, Mastercard, American Express, JCB and MIR are examples. This post explains how ATM and POS certification works.
ISO 8583
F19 — Acquiring Institution Country Code: the country to which the location of the acquiring bank's device (ATM, POS, etc.) belongs.
Online & Authorization
A reference guide to authorization response codes seen on POS and ATM transactions, with plain-language explanations of what each code means and what to do about it.
Merchant & POS
To accept a card brand such as Mastercard or Visa, a POS must be certified for that brand. Which brands a POS accepts is the bank's decision.
Online & Authorization
In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.
Credit Card
Due to how payment systems work, authorization is obtained for a transaction first. For a Not Onus transaction (different card and POS banks), the system waits for it to arrive via the clearing incoming file. If it does not arrive within about a week, the transaction expires.
Online & Authorization
OpenAI and Stripe announced the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP), with Instant Checkout live on Etsy and Shopify in the US. What this means for payment facilitators and e-commerce platforms, and what may come beyond one-click checkout.
Payment Systems
Before describing the Onus Installment process, it is better to first answer: what is an Onus transaction? An Onus transaction is when the acquirer and issuer are the same institution, so the transaction is processed through that institution.