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Credit Card
A structure developed by Visa for purchase refund transactions. The purchase return authorization message lets cardholders view their refund transactions in real time, improving the customer refund experience.
Payment Systems
Electronic money is a legally defined concept in Türkiye under Law No. 6493. Since Bitcoin is not linked to any central bank or official institution and does not meet the required conditions, it cannot be considered electronic money.
Merchant & POS
In online transactions, Opt Out is the cardholder exercising the right not to enroll in 3D Secure. It is not unlimited: only as many transactions as the issuer allows can be made without 3D Secure.
E-commerce
Expenditure Taxes General Communiqué No. 91 ended the VAT versus BSMV debate for payment and e-money institutions. Under Article 7, e-money institutions pay BSMV on the commissions they collect.
Merchant & POS
When payment and e-money institutions were first set up, their commissions were subject to VAT, but BSMV was also debated. General Communiqué on Expenditure Taxes (Serial No: 91) settled the issue; here is how the tax base is determined.
Payment Systems
Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a security requirement introduced under the EU's Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) to increase security and reduce fraud in online payment transactions. SCA requires two of three independent authentication factors.
Open Banking
NextGenPSD2 is the set of API standards launched by the Berlin Group in 2017, now involving more than 1,700 banks from 20 countries. This post explains what the framework offers to banks, fintechs and third-party providers under PSD2.
Credit Card
Most of us are familiar with CVV2/CVC2 - the security code on the back of a card, usually three digits. So what is dCVV2? Here's how dynamic CVV technology works and why Visa introduced it for online payments.
Credit Card
Payment systems are changing fast, and new players are emerging. The Advantage Card, the first installment credit card in Turkey and Europe, did not come from a bank, which holds lessons for today's fintech entrepreneurs.
Credit Card
BIN is short for Bank Identification Number: a unique, bank-specific number created under ISO/IEC 7812 standards that shows which bank a card belongs to. It is the first 6 digits of a card.
ATM
Suppose you are a newly established bank, wanting to offer customers all your products and services. Of course, this is not easy. First, the Bank's OnUs transaction processing step must run successfully before other banks' cards can be accepted at the ATMs.
Chargeback
A good faith review request is a written request that issuers and acquirers send each other to collect on a transaction when the dispute (chargeback) process cannot be run. The requesting party states its grounds.