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Illustration showing how an Application Identifier (AID) is used in a chip card transaction

EMV

What is an Application Identifier (AID)?

The AID tells the terminal which applications are present on a chip during a POS or ATM transaction. What does the AID do? It lets the terminal determine whether it supports an application on the chip. In Tag 9F06, it is 5-16 digits long.

Table of ISO 4217 currency codes by country for ISO 8583 field F49

ISO 8583

ISO Currency Code Values

Currency information for card transactions is sent in fields F49, F50 and F51. The ISO currency values that can be sent in field F49, which carries the original currency value, are listed below.

Reference table of ISO country codes including two-letter, three-letter, and numeric codes

ISO 8583

ISO Country Codes

In ISO messaging standards, country codes sent in fields such as F43, F19, F20, and F21 must follow a specific standard. Below is the country code list and details used for ISO, including 2-character, 3-character, and numeric codes.

Parcels and a laptop representing cross-border e-commerce shopping

E-commerce

An Overview of Cross-Border E-commerce Transactions

With the growth of the internet and its global reach, companies have increasingly begun to deliver their products to more people in foreign markets through online channels. This gives sellers an advantage beyond the domestic market and gives consumers wider access to products.

Screenshot of an Address Verification Service (AVS) response code table

Merchant & POS

What is Address Verification Service (AVS)?

Address Verification Service (AVS) is a fraud prevention system that helps limit fraud and chargebacks when used effectively. It verifies that the address a customer enters matches the cardholder's address on file with the issuer.

Table of AVS response codes by card scheme, showing address and postal code match results

Payment Systems

What Are the AVS Codes by Card Scheme?

The Address Verification Service (AVS) is a fraud prevention system that, when used effectively, can help limit fraud and chargebacks. This post lists the AVS response codes used by AMEX, Mastercard and Visa, with a description of each.

Illustration representing the European Banking Authority (EBA)

Open Banking

What is the European Banking Authority (EBA)?

The European Banking Authority (EBA) is an EU regulatory body headquartered in Paris. It runs stress tests on European banks to increase transparency and identify weaknesses in their capital structures. It was established on 1 January 2011.

UK Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE) structure

Open Banking

What Is the Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE)?

The Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE) is a body set up by the UK's CMA to design and implement Open Banking, developing standards for APIs, security and the wider ecosystem together with other stakeholders.

Table listing ISO 4217 currency codes, numeric codes, and minor units for countries worldwide

ATM

What is ISO 4217?

ISO 4217, also known as the currency code standard, defines the three-letter abbreviations assigned to currencies. The ISO 4217 code list is used extensively in banking and business. In some countries, exchange offices rely on these codes alone.