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Closed-Loop Payments
Why does a coffee chain build its own loyalty program, and why does a payment app keep adding services? This post looks at how loyalty, data, and new services drive the growth of closed-loop payment systems, and at the financial layers behind that growth.
Payment Systems
The MasterCard and Visa Chargeback Reason Codes Requiring a Written Merchant Rebuttal are listed below. Visa: Supporting documentation (sales drafts, contracts, proof of delivery) always strengthens the case. Codes include 30, 41, 53, 57, 75, 80, 85, 86 for Visa and 4831-4863 for MasterCard.
FAST
The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) has implemented a significant limit increase in the FAST system. Under the regulation effective August 26, 2026, the FAST money transfer limit was raised from TRY 100,000 to TRY 300,000. The same increase also applies to Request to Pay...
Credit Card
A co-branded card is a card offered by two or more organizations: one the issuing financial institution, the other a non-financial commercial brand (there may be more than one), such as an airline, hotel, or retail chain.
Merchant & POS
Today, credit cards play an important role in our daily lives. We can carry out almost all of our transactions without carrying cash, using our credit card instead. During a purchase, we hand our card to the cashier and enter our PIN at the POS terminal.
Clearing
Clearing: the transmission of transfer orders sent to the system, mediating their mutual delivery, obtaining authorization prior to settlement in some systems, and netting payment orders.
Online & Authorization
Online transactions grow every day in both number and volume, and so does the risk of fraud. Here are practical steps cardholders can take to shop online more safely.
Fraud
In payment systems, fraud means using someone else's credit or debit card to carry out a transaction at a merchant or ATM, gaining unfair profit and causing loss to the real cardholder, the merchant, or the bank. Fraudsters…
Payment Systems
Chargeback reason codes differ by card scheme. Here is the list of Discover chargeback reason codes and their descriptions, along with how merchants can use them.
Credit Card
Installment payment means dividing a product's price into a set number of equal amounts. For example, if a 100 TL product is bought in 5 installments, the cardholder pays 20 TL a month for 5 months, totaling 100 TL.
Online & Authorization
A reference guide to authorization response codes seen on POS and ATM transactions, with plain-language explanations of what each code means and what to do about it.
Payment Systems
As FAST usage keeps growing, new CBRT regulations are accelerating it further. Payment and e-money institutions will join FAST directly in 2023, and FAST Merchant Payments using the TR-QR Code will go live in the first quarter of 2023.