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Online shopping and e-commerce payment on a laptop with a bank card

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What are the advantages of working with a payment institution?

Online shopping keeps growing, and e-commerce sites must choose between working with a bank or a payment institution. This article explains why a single application and integration with a payment institution can be the better route.

Diagram illustrating Terminal PIN Key (TPK) usage in POS and ATM devices

HSM & Security

What is TPK (Terminal PIN Key)?

TPK stands for Terminal PIN Key. It is a data encryption key used to encrypt PINs for transmission between a terminal and the terminal's bank (acquirer) within a local network. Learn how TPK is used in POS and ATM devices.

Diagram explaining PVKI and PVV calculation in card PIN verification

Credit Card

What Is PVKI (PIN Verification Key Index)?

PVKI is the abbreviation for PIN Verification Key Index. It is located within the card's Track 1 and Track 2 data and is used in PVV calculation. It can take values from 1 to 6, usually defaulting to 1.

ISO 8583 field 52 PIN data encrypted PIN block

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F52)

DE 52 — Personal Identification Number (PIN) Data: the field that holds the PIN data. PIN verification is carried out based on this field.

Illustration of ChatGPT Instant Checkout and the Agentic Commerce Protocol

Online & Authorization

Shopping Directly from ChatGPT: A New Era with Agentic Commerce

OpenAI and Stripe announced the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP), with Instant Checkout live on Etsy and Shopify in the US. What this means for payment facilitators and e-commerce platforms, and what may come beyond one-click checkout.

Recurring card payments and subscriptions illustration

Merchant & POS

What Is Recurring Billing?

Recurring billing is the automatic collection of payments at set intervals and amounts by storing the customer's card details on a secure, PCI DSS-certified infrastructure.

Illustration representing the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

Credit Card

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Credit Card?

Credit cards can be a convenient way to manage income and expenses, but for those who don't know how to use them, they can become an expensive and risky product. Here are the key pros and cons to weigh before applying for one.

Illustration of a card present transaction being processed at a POS terminal

Security

What is a CP (Card Present) Transaction?

A CP transaction refers to a card transaction in which the card and cardholder are physically present at the location. Card Present transactions occur when the card's magnetic stripe or chip data is read by a POS terminal or ATM, or via contactless.

Diagram illustrating the Card Verification Key (CVK) concept

Credit Card

What is CVK (Card Verification Key)?

CVK (Card Verification Key) is the key information used to generate and verify CVV/CVC values, confirming their validity. It is kept as a pair of keys, CVK A and CVK B, encrypted under TMK, ZMK or LMK.

Diagram illustrating how bank fraud detection systems analyze transactions

Fraud

How Do Fraud Applications Work?

Fraud management is used to detect possible fraud on customer accounts and provides additional security for transactions when necessary, making it one of the top priorities for banks.