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Secure card storage and tokenization illustration

Merchant & POS

What Is Card Storage?

Card storage is a system, secured with PCI DSS certification, for storing credit and debit card details safely. It saves consumers from entering their card details again and again on frequent purchases.

Illustration of a Terminal Master Key (TMK) securing a payment terminal

HSM & Security

What is TMK (Terminal Master Key)?

TMK stands for Terminal Master Key, a key-encrypting key distributed manually or automatically under a previously established TMK. It is used to distribute data encryption keys to an ATM or POS terminal within a local network.

Illustration of the compliance process between merchant bank and issuer in card payments

Chargeback

What Is Compliance (Regulatory Compliance)?

Compliance means adherence to card scheme rules. Outside chargebacks, it is how a bank that loses money because card payment organization rules were broken recovers that amount from the party that caused the loss.

Diagram illustrating the types of chargeback disputes in card payments

Chargeback

What are the chargeback dispute types?

A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.

ISO/IEC 7816-5 application identifier (AID) structure

Online & Authorization

What Is ISO/IEC 7816-5?

ISO/IEC 7816-5 defines how to use an application identifier to determine whether an application is present on a card and/or to retrieve the application on the card.

POS terminal used for a card payment transaction

Merchant & POS

What Is a Timeout in Payment Systems?

In the world of payment systems, both the issuer (the cardholder's bank) and the acquirer (the POS/ATM bank) must follow certain rules for card transactions made through a POS terminal or an ATM. Responding to transactions within a certain time is one of these rules.

Illustration representing an installment mail order card transaction

Merchant & POS

Is an installment Mail Order transaction possible?

A reader asked whether installment mail order transactions are still possible, and whether a card limit equal only to the installment amount is enough. This article shares the answer.

Illustration symbolizing the shift from search engines to AI-driven decision engines in online shopping

Payment Systems

Agentic Commerce Series - Part 2

If users start describing their needs instead of searching for products, one of the internet economy's most fundamental habits could change.

Diagram showing Electronic Commerce Indicator values used in 3D Secure transactions

Online & Authorization

What is the Electronic Commerce Indicator (ECI)?

Electronic Commerce Indicator (ECI) is a 2-digit value generated by payment schemes (Visa, MasterCard, etc.) in 3D Secure transactions to determine the transaction's security level (Full 3D Secure, Half 3D Secure, Non 3D Secure), and it varies by payment scheme.

Illustration representing Merchant Category Code classification for card transactions

Merchant & POS

What Does a Restricted/Prohibited MCC Mean?

The MCC code, or Merchant Category Code, is a 4-digit code used to classify merchants. Some MCC codes are restricted or prohibited, and POS terminals or card transactions may be blocked when such a code is used.