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Credit Card
When I think back to the Akbil I used when I first arrived in Istanbul, I think it's fair to say that Istanbulkart has undergone a very significant transformation. Users can now track activity, top up and view balances right from their phones.
Merchant & POS
The answer depends on the type of POS terminal. A physical POS (GPRS, Dial-Up, IP, or cash-register POS) requires working with a bank. A virtual POS can also be obtained from a payment institution without a separate bank agreement.
Merchant & POS
In e-commerce transactions, the system developed to increase transaction security for payments made with credit and debit cards is called 3D Secure. When paying with 3D Secure, a special payment screen provided by the banks appears on the user's screen.
Credit Card
SAFE, short for System to Avoid Fraud Effectively, refers to fraud records created by issuing banks. Fraud records sent in the Mastercard clearing format fall under the SAFE category.
Chargeback
A chargeback is when a cardholder asks the issuing bank to refund a transaction made without their knowledge. It cannot be prevented entirely, but simple precautions can minimize the risk. Here is how the process works and what cardholders should do.
Payment Systems
Contactless payment has greatly improved the user experience, yet its fixed transaction limit is a common complaint. Can this limit be managed dynamically per customer? This post covers the current situation, technical and regulatory requirements and the outlook.
Credit Card
The PIN Try Counter is a value stored on the card's chip showing the number of remaining offline PIN attempts. Each incorrect offline PIN entry decreases it by 1, and it resets when the correct PIN is entered.
Merchant & POS
CAVV and AAV are verification codes used in 3D Secure transactions to ensure transaction integrity and security. CAVV is used by Visa, while AAV is used by Mastercard.
Credit Card
Installment payment means dividing a product's price into a set number of equal amounts. For example, if a 100 TL product is bought in 5 installments, the cardholder pays 20 TL a month for 5 months, totaling 100 TL.
HSM & Security
PEK is the abbreviation for Pin Encryption Key. The role of PEK is to encrypt PINs. There are two types of PEK: TPK (Terminal Pin Key) and ZWK (Zone Working Key).
Merchant & POS
Transaction types that can be made with a card through a POS: Magnetic Sale, EMV (Chip) Sale, Fallback Sale, Offline EMV Sale, Mail Order, and Ecommerce Sale, each explained in detail below.
HCE
Token types vary depending on the verification method used in a transaction. In offline transactions, general checks are performed by the mobile app and card reader without any verification in the card system. In online transactions, token verification is sent to and verified by the issuer.