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Illustration of ChatGPT Instant Checkout and the Agentic Commerce Protocol

Online & Authorization

Shopping Directly from ChatGPT: A New Era with Agentic Commerce

OpenAI and Stripe announced the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP), with Instant Checkout live on Etsy and Shopify in the US. What this means for payment facilitators and e-commerce platforms, and what may come beyond one-click checkout.

Shopper at an online checkout seeing a failed payment message because of an insufficient funds check

Online & Authorization

Why Do Your Payments Fail? How Funds Confirmation APIs Solve It

You press the pay button and the screen says the transaction failed. Behind that failure are checks on your balance and transaction security. This post explains how funds confirmation APIs work, where they apply, and the situation in Turkey's open banking.

Diagram of the committees within the BKM system

Payment System Institutions

What are the committees in the BKM system?

BKM (Interbank Card Center) works through several committees: Security, Operations and Technology, Market Development, Business Development, Chargeback Rules and Arbitration, ATM Sharing, plus arbitration committees. This post outlines each one's duties.

Diagram illustrating open banking, where customer financial data is shared with fintech companies through APIs

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What Is Open Banking?

Open banking means sharing customers' financial information with a third-party fintech company so that a range of banking and financial services can be offered to them. It works through API integrations. This post covers its status in Turkey and the new BRSA regulation.

Illustration of a smart card chip related to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard

Credit Card

What is ISO/IEC 7816?

ISO/IEC 7816 is an international standard jointly maintained by ISO and IEC, covering contact-based electronic identification cards, especially smart cards. It consists of 15 different parts, each covering a different aspect of smart card technology.

Diagram illustrating EMV Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 certification stages for payment terminals

Merchant & POS

What Are EMV Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 Certifications?

The EMV Level 1 standard refers to an important global payment industry specification defining the electrical and physical interface between credit and debit cards and the payment terminal (ATM/POS). The EMV Contactless Level 1 certification guarantees that the device…

Illustration of a Zone PIN Key (ZPK) protecting PIN data in a payment network

HSM & Security

What is ZPK (Zone PIN Key)?

ZPK, also known as the PIN Protection Key, is a data encryption key that is distributed automatically and used to encrypt PINs. It is also referred to as the 'Working Key'. This key allows PIN information to be carried securely across the network.

Diagram illustrating the Remote Key Loading (RKL) process

ATM

What Is RKL (Remote Key Loading)?

RKL is the process of distributing a TMK (Terminal Master Key) to each terminal from a central point. It is used to remotely load keys onto POS and ATM devices, loading TMKs onto an ATM's keypad or activating them on a POS.

Diagram showing the structure of ISO 8583 field F48 (Additional Data)

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F48)

DE 48 - ADDITIONAL DATA: these are additional data fields that can be used specifically for transactions. It is 255 characters long. Field F48 carries many pieces of information and is divided into PDS (Private Data Subelements).