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Hand entering a PIN code on a card payment terminal

Credit Card

What should be considered when setting a card PIN?

A credit card is one of the most important payment tools in our lives, which is why keeping it secure is extremely important. So how do we secure a credit card? The most important security measure is the card PIN.

Illustration representing a payment card's transaction history

Credit Card

What Is a Card's First Transaction Date? What Is It Used For?

Banks generally keep a record in the system of a card's "First Transaction Date." This information is automatically populated by the online authorization system. So under what circumstances is it updated? First, an authorization transaction must…

Close-up of the card security code printed on the back of a payment card

Credit Card

What is the Card Security Code?

The Card Security Code is a 3-digit numeric value used for cardholder verification and to reduce fraud risk. It is generated during card production and printed either on the card or encoded into the Track 1 and Track 2 data.

American Express chargeback reason codes list from the Chargeback and Exception Processing Guide

Chargeback

What Are the American Express Chargeback Reason Codes?

Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...

Card refund receipt standards illustration

Merchant & POS

What Are the Standards for Refund Receipts?

Cardholders may request a refund through the merchant for POS transactions due to wrong deliveries, returned goods and similar reasons. Here is the information a refund receipt must contain, including extra fields for e-commerce.

Diagram explaining how a pre-authorization transaction works on a credit card

Merchant & POS

What Is a Pre-Authorization Transaction?

An operation that allows a credit card's limit to be blocked for a period, due to the nature of the product or service sold. Preferred mainly by companies in travel, tourism, and car rental.

Diagram explaining the PAN Sequence Number (PSN) field on a chip card

Credit Card

What Is PSN (PAN Sequence Number)?

A 2-character field written to the card's chip data that increases by 1 with each card renewal, allowing authorization to distinguish between the old and new card. This means that, theoretically, assuming no other conditions prevent it, a...

Illustration representing the products and services KKB offers directly to its member institutions

Credit Card

What Products and Services Does KKB Offer Directly to Members?

KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.

Diagram illustrating TCR (Transaction Record Component) packets used in payment clearing and settlement files

Payment Systems

What Is TCR (Transaction Record Component)?

TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.

Illustration representing real-time and near real-time fraud monitoring in payment systems

Fraud

What is Online (Real Time) and Near Online (Near Real Time) Fraud?

Fraud monitoring refers to tracking card transactions through scenarios to detect potential fraud and taking rapid action immediately before or after a transaction occurs - such as identifying a suspicious transaction, calling the customer, or temporarily blocking the card to prevent authorization.