
Chargeback
What are the chargeback dispute types?
A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.
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Chargeback
A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.

Closed-Loop Payments
Why does a coffee chain build its own loyalty program, and why does a payment app keep adding services? This post looks at how loyalty, data, and new services drive the growth of closed-loop payment systems, and at the financial layers behind that growth.

Payment Institutions & E-Money
On 7 October 2023, the CBRT amended the Communiqué on Information Systems of Payment and E-Money Institutions and Data Sharing Services of Payment Service Providers, first published on 1 December 2021. Links to the new text, a comparison table and a detailed summary of changes follow.

Laws & Regulations
A payment institution is a legal entity that provides payment services for electronic payments through the infrastructure it offers. This article covers the Turkish regulatory framework, licensing, safeguarding, supervision, penalties and taxation.