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Illustration representing electronic payment systems

Payment Systems

What are Payment Systems?

Let's talk about payment systems, which we have heard more about since the internet entered our lives, and the basic structures behind them. The first credit card in the world was used in America in the 1920s.

Illustration representing Merchant Category Code classification for card transactions

Merchant & POS

What Does a Restricted/Prohibited MCC Mean?

The MCC code, or Merchant Category Code, is a 4-digit code used to classify merchants. Some MCC codes are restricted or prohibited, and POS terminals or card transactions may be blocked when such a code is used.

Diagram explaining the PAN Sequence Number (PSN) field on a chip card

Credit Card

What Is PSN (PAN Sequence Number)?

A 2-character field written to the card's chip data that increases by 1 with each card renewal, allowing authorization to distinguish between the old and new card. This means that, theoretically, assuming no other conditions prevent it, a...

Illustration representing real-time and near real-time fraud monitoring in payment systems

Fraud

What is Online (Real Time) and Near Online (Near Real Time) Fraud?

Fraud monitoring refers to tracking card transactions through scenarios to detect potential fraud and taking rapid action immediately before or after a transaction occurs - such as identifying a suspicious transaction, calling the customer, or temporarily blocking the card to prevent authorization.

POS terminal device used for processing card payments

Merchant & POS

What is MIV (Central Merchant Database)?

MIV stands for Central Merchant Database. The MIV Module collects information on merchants across Turkey and the TRNC that have card acceptance agreements with BKM members, and assigns each merchant a unique number for tracking purposes.

Diagram illustrating how a contactless offline transaction is processed

Merchant & POS

Can a Contactless Offline Transaction Occur?

A contactless offline transaction can occur. If the amount is lower than the floor limit defined on the POS and the card also allows offline authorization, the transaction can be completed offline. Offline transactions are periodically sent by the POS to the acquiring bank.