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"Chip and PIN"

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Illustration explaining the concept of the first online transaction after a card PIN change

Merchant & POS

What Does First Online Transaction Mean?

In payment systems, an online transaction means the transaction is sent to the card or POS/ATM bank at the moment it occurs, and required checks are obtained from that system. So does every transaction happen online? Of course not. Especially with contactless...

ISO 8583 field 35 Track 2 data

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F35)

The card's Track 2 data is carried in this field. Track 2 data contains information such as the card number, expiry date and service code.

Illustration of an ATM skimming device attached to a card reader

Credit Card

What Is Anti-Skimming?

ATM skimming is a high-tech crime in which illegal devices are used to electronically steal or copy cardholders' personal financial information from a card's magnetic stripe.

Diagram illustrating the SPoC solution architecture for secure PIN entry on a COTS device

Security

What is Software-based PIN Entry on COTS (SPoC)?

Published by the PCI SSC, Software-based PIN Entry on COTS (SPoC) is a standard that provides a software-based approach for protecting PIN entry on commercial off-the-shelf devices such as smartphones and tablets.

Contactless floor limit, CVM limit and transaction limit example

Merchant & POS

Can a Contactless Transaction Be Online?

Yes. Whether a contactless transaction goes online depends on the limits on the card and the POS: the contactless floor limit, the CVM limit and the contactless transaction limit. A worked example shows how.

Diagram of HSM use case areas in security and payment systems

HSM & Security

What Is an HSM? What Is It Used For?

HSM, short for Hardware Security Module, is specialized security hardware built to store sensitive cryptographic keys in a physical environment and to perform cryptographic operations in the most secure way.

Card skimming and copied card details

Credit Card

What Should I Do If My Card Details Are Copied?

Card copying usually happens with magnetic stripe debit cards. As soon as you notice your card details have been copied, you can close the card, renew it or change its PIN.

Issuer Script Results field values shown on a POS terminal screen

Credit Card

Issuer Script Results

Issuer Script Results is the field that shows the results of the Issuer Script commands sent to the card. This post explains its byte and bit values, what an issuer script is, why the results matter, and what happens when a command fails.

Table showing service code values and their meanings for payment cards

Credit Card

What is the Service Code on Cards?

The service code is information printed on a card's Track 1 and Track 2 data, covering card type, PIN usage, and domestic/international usage status. It is kept at the product level in bank systems.

Illustration representing communication protocols used in POS payment systems

Merchant & POS

What Are POS Sub-Protocols and Their Use Cases in Turkey?

In payment systems, every exchange between POS devices and bank or payment institution systems runs on a specific messaging standard, generally based on ISO 8583. However, each country, bank, or switch network defines its own version of this standard.