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Old mechanical credit card imprinter machine used to transfer embossed card details onto a sales slip

Merchant & POS

What Is an Imprinter?

An imprinter is the name given to devices that transfer all the information embossed on a credit card onto a paper sales receipt. Before POS terminals, it was commonly used by merchants for authorization transactions.

Virtual POS payment system diagram for online card transactions

Merchant & POS

What Is Virtual POS?

Virtual POS is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, designed for online shopping. It is not issued to individual customers, only to sole proprietorships, companies, or foundations and associations.

Application fraud and transaction fraud controls

Fraud

What Are the Types of Fraud Controls?

Fraud controls fall into two main types: application fraud controls, which check card and merchant applications, and transaction fraud controls, which monitor card and POS transactions.

Diagram illustrating the types of chargeback disputes in card payments

Chargeback

What are the chargeback dispute types?

A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.

American Express chargeback reason codes list from the Chargeback and Exception Processing Guide

Chargeback

What Are the American Express Chargeback Reason Codes?

Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...

Illustration showing different card printing methods

Credit Card

What Are the Card Printing Types?

While it is true that, with technological advancement, the trend of using payment transactions without a physical card via mobile phones has increased, there are many reasons why cards are still physically printed and delivered to customers.

Illustration representing a bank-owned POS device rented to a merchant

Merchant & POS

What is the Merchant Rental Fee?

When any sole proprietorship or commercial business applies to become a merchant, banks install a POS device, paying significant amounts to purchase each one, then rent the devices to merchants.

Diagram illustrating TCR (Transaction Record Component) packets used in payment clearing and settlement files

Payment Systems

What Is TCR (Transaction Record Component)?

TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.

Istanbulkart transit and payment card

Credit Card

Istanbulkart: Both Transit Card and Payment Card

When I think back to the Akbil I used when I first arrived in Istanbul, I think it's fair to say that Istanbulkart has undergone a very significant transformation. Users can now track activity, top up and view balances right from their phones.