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"bank statements"

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Illustration of a co-branded credit card combining a bank and a commercial brand

Credit Card

What is a Co-Branded Card?

A co-branded card is a card offered by two or more organizations: one the issuing financial institution, the other a non-financial commercial brand (there may be more than one), such as an airline, hotel, or retail chain.

Credit card lying on a flat surface representing a supplementary card linked to a primary account

Credit Card

What Is a Supplementary Card?

A financial card product issued against a primary card, with its own card number, expiration date, authority, limit, and PIN. Using a supplementary card is ideal for making purchases from more than one card while keeping all spending on a single statement.

Photo of the Central Bank letter asking banks not to load 200 TL banknotes into ATMs

ATM

Is It Forbidden to Load 200 TL Notes into ATMs?

In a letter to banks as part of the fight against inflation, the CBRT asked them to stock small-denomination banknotes in ATMs instead of 200 TL notes. Is this a ban or a recommendation, and what are the operational consequences for ATMs and banks?

Illustration representing communication protocols used in POS payment systems

Merchant & POS

What Are POS Sub-Protocols and Their Use Cases in Turkey?

In payment systems, every exchange between POS devices and bank or payment institution systems runs on a specific messaging standard, generally based on ISO 8583. However, each country, bank, or switch network defines its own version of this standard.

Illustration representing the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

Credit Card

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Credit Card?

Credit cards can be a convenient way to manage income and expenses, but for those who don't know how to use them, they can become an expensive and risky product. Here are the key pros and cons to weigh before applying for one.

Diagram explaining the Visa Purchase Return Authorization process for card refunds

Credit Card

What Is Purchase Return Authorization?

A structure developed by Visa for purchase refund transactions. The purchase return authorization message lets cardholders view their refund transactions in real time, improving the customer refund experience.

Illustration of remote identity verification and open banking in digital banking

Laws & Regulations

Remote Identity Verification, Reliance on Third Parties and Open Banking

Digitalization is changing how banks onboard customers. This post covers digital identity, verification methods, what the Turkish ID card offers, and Article 43 of the Regulation on Information Systems of Banks and Electronic Banking Services on remote identity verification and open banking.

UK Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE) structure

Open Banking

What Is the Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE)?

The Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE) is a body set up by the UK's CMA to design and implement Open Banking, developing standards for APIs, security and the wider ecosystem together with other stakeholders.

Diagram illustrating clearing types between card-issuing and POS banks

Clearing

What are the Clearing Types?

In card transactions via POS/ATM, when the card-issuing bank differs from the POS/ATM bank (Not Onus), the transaction is subject to clearing. Below, POS can also mean ATM. Is the clearing system a single type? No...