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"card acquiring"

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Illustration representing MCC codes used to classify merchants by category

Merchant & POS

What Is an MCC Code Used For?

Since the MCC code is a merchant's category code, it's critical for the checks performed during merchant onboarding and authorization, including campaigns and restrictions.

Illustration of a point-of-sale terminal checking a card against a warning list

Merchant & POS

What is the Combined Warning List (BUL)?

The Combined Warning List (BUL) lists card numbers the issuer wants blocked (lost, stolen, counterfeit, etc.), which acquiring merchants check within certain limits, at their own risk, when online authorization cannot be obtained.

Diagram showing the Issuer Domain, Interoperability Domain and Acquirer Domain in 3D Secure

Merchant & POS

What are Payment Scheme 3D Secure systems?

3D Secure is short for Three Domain Secure (Issuer Domain, the Interoperability Domain and the Acquirer Domain), used to increase security in online transactions. Known to cardholders as 3D Secure, these systems are given unique names by payment schemes (MasterCard, Visa, etc.).

Illustration representing the chargeback and dispute process in card payments

Chargeback

What Are the Domestic Exceptions to Chargeback Rules?

A chargeback is the refund of an amount paid by credit card to the cardholder's card when the purchased goods or services were not received, or when a transaction was not actually carried out by the cardholder.

Diagram illustrating BKM TechPOS shared POS infrastructure

Merchant & POS

What is BKM TechPOS?

BKM TechPOS is an infrastructure through which card acquirers and POS/cash register manufacturers can interoperate via BKM, letting all participating banks provide card acceptance services on a single device.

Stand-in authorization flow diagram

Credit Card

What is Stand-In Authorization?

In the standard authorization flow, the transaction is initiated by the acquirer (POS bank) and forwarded to the issuer (card-issuing institution). The process is completed once the issuer responds. However, this isn't always possible; when the issuer fails to respond, BKM steps in...

Diagram illustrating the appeal stage of the card dispute and chargeback process between issuer, acquirer and card scheme

Payment Systems

What Is an Appeal? What Does It Mean in Payment Systems?

In payment systems, an “appeal” is the process of objecting to the outcome of a transaction dispute. It is usually discussed alongside chargebacks, but it plays a critical role in interbank dispute resolution, when a party asks the card scheme to re-evaluate a concluded decision.

Contactless card payment at an overseas POS terminal that prompts for a PIN after a limit is exceeded

Payment Systems

Visa Overseas Contactless Transactions – After Code 70 (Part 2)

After switching to response code 70 for contactless limit-exceeded cases, we found that some overseas POS devices and acquirers did not handle it as expected. This post covers why the problem lies in the ecosystem and how to address it.

Illustration representing an installment transaction made with a credit card

Credit Card

What is an Installment Transaction?

An installment transaction splits a payment into a set number of installments reflected on the cardholder's statement, when the card and POS bank are the same. For example, a 1000 TL transaction in 5 installments reflects 200 TL per statement period, starting from the first one.

Diagram of a good faith request exchanged between issuer and acquirer outside the chargeback process

Chargeback

What Is a Good Faith Request?

A good faith review request is a written request that issuers and acquirers send each other to collect on a transaction when the dispute (chargeback) process cannot be run. The requesting party states its grounds.

Diagram explaining how an offline chip card transaction is approved without contacting the bank

Merchant & POS

What Is an Offline Transaction?

When a chip card transaction is made at a POS, it may be approved by the card and the POS alone, without reaching any system (issuer or acquirer). When do the issuer and acquirer find out about it?

POS terminal used for card payment transactions

Merchant & POS

What is On-Us Leakage?

On-Us Leakage is a term used in the world of payment systems. On-us means the card-issuing bank and the POS-acquiring bank are the same. So what does on-us leakage mean in this context?