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Diagram showing the role of the Access Control Server (ACS) in the 3-D Secure authentication flow

Security

What is Access Security Control (ACS)?

Access Security Control (ACS) is the security protocol that the card-issuing bank must maintain in 3-D Secure to support cardholder authentication, functioning as a complete authentication solution for issuers and payment processors.

Diagram illustrating open banking, where customer financial data is shared with fintech companies through APIs

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What Is Open Banking?

Open banking means sharing customers' financial information with a third-party fintech company so that a range of banking and financial services can be offered to them. It works through API integrations. This post covers its status in Turkey and the new BRSA regulation.

Diagram illustrating the PSD (Payment Services Directive) regulatory framework

Merchant & POS

What is PSD (Payment Services Directive)?

PSD stands for Payment Services Directive, known as the Payment Services Law. It took effect in EU countries in 2009, and in 2015 new revisions were announced as PSD1, aiming to build an efficient, fast, secure, and competitive payment market.

Diagram illustrating the Store and Forward (SAF) offline transaction process

Payment Systems

What is Store and Forward (SAF)?

Store and Forward (SAF) describes offline transaction processing. It was originally developed when modems were introduced and connections were not always stable, letting terminals store transactions and forward them once connectivity is restored.