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Illustration representing Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) under PSD2

Payment Systems

What is Strong Customer Authentication (SCA)?

Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a security requirement introduced under the EU's Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) to increase security and reduce fraud in online payment transactions. SCA requires two of three independent authentication factors.

Bitcoin ATM kiosk used for buying and selling Bitcoin

ATM

What Is a Bitcoin ATM? How Does It Work?

A Bitcoin ATM (BTM) is a specialized kiosk designed for Bitcoin transactions, letting users buy and sell Bitcoin. General features: it enables Bitcoin purchases and sales, and while it visually resembles traditional ATMs...

BKM Express mobile payment application illustration

Credit Card

What is BKM Express?

What is BKM Express? BKM Express is a technical infrastructure solution developed by BKM that lets you pay securely for online purchases without sharing your card's full details. What are the advantages of BKM Express? To register your card you don't need to enter all…

Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI) process diagram

Fraud

What is Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI)?

Chargeback is the process of refunding a credit card payment when the goods or services that should have been received were not, or when transactions not made by the cardholder are identified. In Turkish it is translated as reversal of presentment.

Illustration of online shopping with a credit card and a shopping cart on a laptop screen

E-commerce

What is Online Shopping?

Online shopping is a form of e-commerce in which consumers complete purchases over the internet using a credit card/debit card, bank transfer, or cash on delivery.

Bank customer completing remote identity verification through a video call

Payment Systems

Remote Identity Verification Starts on May 1

The Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA) had prepared a draft communiqué on the remote identity verification methods banks can use. According to the communiqué published in today's Official Gazette, the practice enters into force on May 1.

MasterCard Identity Check logo and authentication illustration

Security

What is MasterCard Identity Check?

Payment security is very important in payment systems. To increase security, transactions require additional information such as PINs and passwords. Remembering which information to use, and keeping it in mind without forgetting…

Diagram illustrating account-to-account (A2A) payment flow between banks

Online & Authorization

What are A2A (Account-to-Account) Payments?

Account-to-account (A2A) payments can be described as making a payment by transferring money from one bank account to another. Though similar to wire transfer/EFT, combining the transfer with the payment creates a seamless experience.

POS terminal used for EMV card payment processing

Merchant & POS

TVR (Terminal Verification Results)

Terminal Verification Results (TVR): a sequence of bits produced when a terminal reads an EMV card, based on logical checks such as an expired card. This data object is used to decide whether a payment transaction should be accepted online, declined, or allowed to proceed.

Illustration of a phone scam call impersonating a bank

Security

We're Calling From the Bank, Your Account Has Been Compromised...

Fraud cases where scammers pose as bank staff or other institution employees to obtain citizens' banking information have increased significantly recently. Interestingly, the new fraud trend closely mirrors the steps of a genuine banking procedure.

Diagram of the online authorization flow for below-CVM-limit contactless transactions

Payment Systems

Domestic Flow Change Made for Below-CVM-Limit Online Contactless Transactions

The domestic authorization flow for below-CVM-limit online contactless transactions has changed. Issuers can now ask the cardholder for a PIN or request card insertion instead of simply approving or declining. This post explains the CVM list and the new DE48 PDS22 and DE39 = 65 message flows.