Credit Card
What is a prepaid card?
A prepaid card is a customized card, with or without a chip, not linked to a bank account and without a credit limit like credit cards, letting you spend only the amount loaded onto it.
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Cryptocurrency
What Is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a digital currency launched experimentally in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto. It has no ties to any central bank, can be bought and sold with national currencies and can be transferred without any intermediary.
Chargeback
What Are the American Express Chargeback Reason Codes?
Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...
Laws & Regulations
What is BSMV?
BSMV stands for Banking and Insurance Transaction Tax, levied on banking and insurance transactions. This post explains how it applies to payment institutions and e-money institutions under Expense Taxes General Communiqué No. 91, with an example.
Debit Card
What Is a Prepaid Debit Card?
A prepaid card is a customized card that is not linked to a bank account and has no credit limit like a credit card - you can spend only up to the amount loaded onto it. Prepaid cards function just like a bank card or credit card.
Closed-Loop Payments
Alipay: Payment System or Digital Economy? | Closed-Loop Payments #5
Is Alipay a payment system, or a digital economy? In the previous post we discussed how Starbucks shows that payment systems can evolve into a different structure. At first the goal was to make payment easier for the customer. As the system grew, loyalty programs...
Payment Systems
What Is Law No. 7192 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions? What Does It Change?
Law No. 7192 amends Law No. 6493 and brings changes on payment services, e-money and open banking, including the transfer of regulatory and supervisory powers from the BRSA to the CBRT and the addition of PSD2-style services.
Merchant & POS
What Does First Online Transaction Mean?
In payment systems, an online transaction means the transaction is sent to the card or POS/ATM bank at the moment it occurs, and required checks are obtained from that system. So does every transaction happen online? Of course not. Especially with contactless...
E-commerce
What is Online Shopping?
Online shopping is a form of e-commerce in which consumers complete purchases over the internet using a credit card/debit card, bank transfer, or cash on delivery.
Debit Card
What Is a Stored Value Card?
A stored value card is a widely used card type today. Instead of being held in a financial system, the monetary balance is stored directly on the card, which has a special magnetic stripe recording important financial data such as the balance.
Security
What is a Man in the Browser Attack (MitB)?
In the Man in the Browser fraud method, the goal is not to steal the user's password but to place malware in the browser itself. A malicious browser extension can alter the amount and recipient of the user's transfers at will.
Chargeback
How to Reduce Chargebacks (For Cardholders)
A chargeback is when a cardholder asks the issuing bank to refund a transaction made without their knowledge. It cannot be prevented entirely, but simple precautions can minimize the risk. Here is how the process works and what cardholders should do.