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Diagram of a first credential-on-file transaction using stored card data

Security

What is the First Credential-On-File transaction?

The first transaction made after a customer's card data is stored with a merchant is called the First Credential-On-File transaction. BKM expects it to be flagged with the value "C" in switch message field DE48.PDS86, and BRSA draft rules govern how card data may be stored.

Parcels and a laptop representing cross-border e-commerce shopping

E-commerce

An Overview of Cross-Border E-commerce Transactions

With the growth of the internet and its global reach, companies have increasingly begun to deliver their products to more people in foreign markets through online channels. This gives sellers an advantage beyond the domestic market and gives consumers wider access to products.

Law on the Protection of Competition in Türkiye

Laws & Regulations

What Is the Law on the Protection of Competition?

The purpose of this Law is to protect competition by preventing agreements, decisions and practices that restrict competition in goods and services markets, and the abuse of dominance by dominant undertakings.

Diagram illustrating the NextGenPSD2 framework for open banking APIs

Open Banking

What Is NextGenPSD2?

NextGenPSD2 is the set of API standards launched by the Berlin Group in 2017, now involving more than 1,700 banks from 20 countries. This post explains what the framework offers to banks, fintechs and third-party providers under PSD2.

Illustration of online shopping with a credit card and a shopping cart on a laptop screen

E-commerce

What is Online Shopping?

Online shopping is a form of e-commerce in which consumers complete purchases over the internet using a credit card/debit card, bank transfer, or cash on delivery.

Illustration representing an online marketplace connecting buyers and sellers

E-commerce

What is a marketplace?

A marketplace is an online payment platform where buyers and sellers come together, where products and services are listed for sale, and other operations are facilitated.

Diagram of a smartphone using Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) to emit a signal that mimics a card's magnetic stripe at a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

What is MST (Magnetic Secure Transmission)?

Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) is a mobile payment technology in which devices such as smartphones emit a signal that mimics the magnetic stripe on a traditional payment card, letting a physical card's POS use be imitated without upgrading terminal software or hardware.

Illustration of a stored value card with balance information stored on its magnetic stripe

Debit Card

What Is a Stored Value Card?

A stored value card is a widely used card type today. Instead of being held in a financial system, the monetary balance is stored directly on the card, which has a special magnetic stripe recording important financial data such as the balance.

UnionPay logo

Merchant & POS

What Is UnionPay?

UnionPay International (UPI) is a China UnionPay subsidiary founded in November 2012. Together with more than 1,000 institutions worldwide, UPI provides international card acceptance in 160 countries and card issuance in more than 40 countries and regions.

Illustration of data leakage channels and risks leading to fraud

Fraud

What are data leakage frauds?

Data leakage is the intentional or accidental exposure of sensitive data through any channel where it is stored, processed or transmitted. This post covers its three main causes and the DLP solutions used to prevent it.