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Payment Systems
Although many important terms are used in payment systems, the expressions below are its cornerstones — the ABCs of payment systems, so to speak. Issuer: the credit card company, usually a bank, that issues the card and tracks debt, credit, bonus points, and other services for the customer.
Laws & Regulations
BKM (Interbank Card Center) membership is available in 3 statuses: bank, institution or HSK. This post explains the eligibility criteria for each status, the 12-month certification requirement and the BKM fee principles.
Credit Card
AMLD5 is the European Union's Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive. It updates the Fourth Directive to stop the financial sector being used for terrorist financing and money laundering.
Merchant & POS
The Secure Mobile Payment System is a system permitted by the Ministry, operated under the Revenue Administration (GIB) Communiqué, for sales, payment and collection transactions and the electronic creation, transmission and retention of the related financial documents.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
The Law defines e-money as monetary value issued in exchange for funds accepted by the issuer, stored electronically, used for payment transactions and accepted as a payment instrument by persons other than the issuer. This post explains e-money institutions and the services they may provide.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
A payment institution is a legal entity authorized under the Law to provide and execute payment services. It must be a joint stock company meeting the conditions in Article 14 of Law No. 6493. This post sets out the services listed in Article 12 and the exclusions.
Security
Forgery in card payments means transactions made with card details without the cardholder's knowledge, or purchases with counterfeit or stolen cards. Merchants cannot eliminate fraud and chargeback risk, but they should aim to reduce it to reasonable levels.
Merchant & POS
UnionPay International (UPI) is a China UnionPay subsidiary founded in November 2012. Together with more than 1,000 institutions worldwide, UPI provides international card acceptance in 160 countries and card issuance in more than 40 countries and regions.
FAST
Current information: This post describes the limit in effect at the time of publication. The FAST transaction limit, introduced in January, was raised periodically and reached 1,000 TL as of January 29. See the newer post for the current FAST limit.
Credit Card
A prepaid card is a customized card, with or without a chip, not linked to a bank account and without a credit limit like credit cards, letting you spend only the amount loaded onto it.
Closed-Loop Payments
Is Starbucks really selling coffee, or building an ecosystem? Prepaid balances, a loyalty program and customer data turn a coffee chain's payments into a closed-loop economy, a very different model from Istanbulkart.
Online & Authorization
You press the pay button and the screen says the transaction failed. Behind that failure are checks on your balance and transaction security. This post explains how funds confirmation APIs work, where they apply, and the situation in Turkey's open banking.