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Diagram illustrating the ISO 8583 field 32 structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F32)

F32 - ACQUIRING INSTITUTION IDENTIFICATION CODE: the 11-digit acquirer bank ID. The values it can take for domestic transactions and by card brand include Visa, MasterCard, UnionPay, Discover and JCB formats.

Diagram illustrating the early hold release process for merchants

Merchant & POS

What Is Early Hold Release?

Early Hold Release is a solution that allows merchants operating under a holdback arrangement to access their turnover held in the hold account when they need cash, before the holdback period ends. Merchants can work with banks under 3 different terms.

Virtual POS payment system diagram for online card transactions

Merchant & POS

What Is Virtual POS?

Virtual POS is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, designed for online shopping. It is not issued to individual customers, only to sole proprietorships, companies, or foundations and associations.

Virtual POS (VPOS) online payment interface screenshot

Merchant & POS

What is VPOS (Virtual POS)?

VPOS (Virtual POS) is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, used for purchases made over the internet. It is also known as Virtual POS. VPOS is not issued to individual customers.

Table of Visa and Mastercard fraud codes and descriptions

Security

What Are the Visa and Mastercard Fraud Codes?

Fraud means obtaining unjust gain by carrying out a transaction at a merchant or ATM using someone else's credit card or debit card, causing a loss to the real cardholder, the merchant, or the bank. So what fraud codes do Visa and Mastercard use?

Illustration representing Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) under PSD2

Payment Systems

What is Strong Customer Authentication (SCA)?

Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a security requirement introduced under the EU's Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) to increase security and reduce fraud in online payment transactions. SCA requires two of three independent authentication factors.

Diagram illustrating the POS batch upload reconciliation process

Merchant & POS

What is Batch Upload?

When a transaction is made through a POS, it is recorded both on the POS itself and in the acquiring bank's authorization system. At batch close, the POS sends all its transactions to the bank, which reconciles them against its own records.

Illustration of a Zone PIN Key (ZPK) protecting PIN data in a payment network

HSM & Security

What is ZPK (Zone PIN Key)?

ZPK, also known as the PIN Protection Key, is a data encryption key that is distributed automatically and used to encrypt PINs. It is also referred to as the 'Working Key'. This key allows PIN information to be carried securely across the network.

Old mechanical credit card imprinter machine used to transfer embossed card details onto a sales slip

Merchant & POS

What Is an Imprinter?

An imprinter is the name given to devices that transfer all the information embossed on a credit card onto a paper sales receipt. Before POS terminals, it was commonly used by merchants for authorization transactions.

Credit card installment payment illustration

Credit Card

What Is Installment Payment?

Installment payment means dividing a product's price into a set number of equal amounts. For example, if a 100 TL product is bought in 5 installments, the cardholder pays 20 TL a month for 5 months, totaling 100 TL.

Diagram of the Shared POS Management System (OPYS)

Merchant & POS

What Is the Shared POS Management System (OPYS)?

Developed by BKM and made available to banks, OPYS centrally supports setting up multi-application POS terminals shared by multiple members, inviting other members, adding or removing them, and managing field company relationships.