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Merchant & POS
3D Secure is short for Three Domain Secure (Issuer Domain, the Interoperability Domain and the Acquirer Domain), used to increase security in online transactions. Known to cardholders as 3D Secure, these systems are given unique names by payment schemes (MasterCard, Visa, etc.).
Merchant & POS
A Card Recovery Bulletin is a list of problem cards (lost, stolen, expired, over-limit, counterfeit or otherwise flagged) published by card schemes such as Visa or MasterCard. It shows whether a card number is listed on the date of purchase.
Laws & Regulations
Turkey is rapidly implementing the items in the 11th Development Plan for a fintech ecosystem with equal opportunity. Under the approved law amendment, some BRSA powers over payment services and e-money companies were transferred to the CBRT, making it the single authority in payments.
Credit Card
KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.
EMV
The Card Block command is used after card issuance to deactivate all applications within the ICC, including applications that could be selected indirectly. The components of the command are explained below.
Chargeback
A chargeback is the refund of an amount paid by credit card to the cardholder's card when the purchased goods or services were not received, or when a transaction was not actually carried out by the cardholder.
Merchant & POS
Pre-authorization closing turns a pre-authorized transaction into a financial one, posting it to the merchant and cardholder accounts. See how amounts and available limit are affected.
Payment Systems
Electronic money is a legally defined concept in Türkiye under Law No. 6493. Since Bitcoin is not linked to any central bank or official institution and does not meet the required conditions, it cannot be considered electronic money.
Security
Fraud means obtaining unjust gain by carrying out a transaction at a merchant or ATM using someone else's credit card or debit card, causing a loss to the real cardholder, the merchant, or the bank. So what fraud codes do Visa and Mastercard use?
Credit Card
Payment systems are changing fast, and new players are emerging. The Advantage Card, the first installment credit card in Turkey and Europe, did not come from a bank, which holds lessons for today's fintech entrepreneurs.
Merchant & POS
Partial authorization lets an issuer approve part of the requested amount when the card lacks the full balance, with the rest paid another way. This post covers the technical, receipt, clearing, reconciliation, merchant and certification requirements for acquirers.
Open Banking
NextGenPSD2 is the set of API standards launched by the Berlin Group in 2017, now involving more than 1,700 banks from 20 countries. This post explains what the framework offers to banks, fintechs and third-party providers under PSD2.