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Diagram of the chargeback process between cardholder, issuer and acquirer

Chargeback

How to Reduce Chargebacks (For Cardholders)

A chargeback is when a cardholder asks the issuing bank to refund a transaction made without their knowledge. It cannot be prevented entirely, but simple precautions can minimize the risk. Here is how the process works and what cardholders should do.

Diagram comparing the 3D, 3D Pay, and 3D Pay Hosting payment models

Payment Systems

What are the 3D Secure Payment Models?

In card payment transactions made via a physical POS device, entering the card's PIN keeps the transaction secure, while in virtual POS transactions, security is provided through the 3D Secure flow. Are 3D Secure payment methods standardized? There are 3 different 3D Secure models.

Illustration of ISO 18245 merchant category codes (MCC)

Payment Systems

What Is ISO 18245?

ISO 18245 is an ISO standard on the management of Merchant Category Codes (MCC) in retail financial services. ISO 18245: 2003 defines the code values used to classify merchants by the type of business, trade or service they provide.

Illustration of a new-generation smart cash register combining a fiscal device and a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

What You Need to Know About Smart Cash Registers (OKC)

A smart cash register is a new-generation, IP-based payment recording device that integrates a cash register with a POS terminal. It combines fiscal devices and POS devices in a single unit and transmits data to the Ministry of Finance in real time.

Photo of a POS terminal related to Terminal Action Code settings

Merchant & POS

Terminal Action Code (TAC)

These are codes placed into the terminal software by the acquirer that govern the rules for whether transactions go online or are declined, covering offline approval, offline decline, and online submission due to issuer risk...

Diagram showing an authorized card transaction that expires before reaching the clearing file

Credit Card

What does it mean for a card transaction to expire?

Due to how payment systems work, authorization is obtained for a transaction first. For a Not Onus transaction (different card and POS banks), the system waits for it to arrive via the clearing incoming file. If it does not arrive within about a week, the transaction expires.

Illustration of a fallback transaction swiping a card's magnetic stripe after a chip read failure

Merchant & POS

What Is a Fallback Transaction?

When a chip can't be read due to a chip fault or the card being inserted incorrectly, the transaction is completed by swiping the magnetic stripe on the right side of the POS. Can chipless cards do fallback?

Illustration representing electronic payment systems

Payment Systems

What are Payment Systems?

Let's talk about payment systems, which we have heard more about since the internet entered our lives, and the basic structures behind them. The first credit card in the world was used in America in the 1920s.

Diagram illustrating how a Payment Facilitator connects merchants to banks for card payments

Merchant & POS

What Is a Payment Facilitator (PF)?

A Payment Facilitator (PF) is a licensed payment institution that lets merchants accept card payments without applying to banks directly. Learn how it works.