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Diagram illustrating the structure of an Issuer Identification Number (IIN) on a payment card

Credit Card

What is an Issuer Identification Number (IIN)?

Issuer Identification Number (IIN) is the first 6 digits of 16-digit cards and the first 8 digits of 19-digit cards. It is more commonly known as BIN (Bank Identification Number). Learn what the IIN table holds and how to look one up.

ISO/IEC 7811 identification card recording techniques

Credit Card

What Is ISO/IEC 7811?

ISO/IEC 7811 specifies the requirements for embossed characters on identification cards and is a set of nine standards describing recording techniques on identification cards.

Illustration of a smart card chip related to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard

Credit Card

What is ISO/IEC 7816?

ISO/IEC 7816 is an international standard jointly maintained by ISO and IEC, covering contact-based electronic identification cards, especially smart cards. It consists of 15 different parts, each covering a different aspect of smart card technology.

Illustration of a contactless payment card being tapped on a POS terminal

Contactless

What is Magnetic Stripe Data (MSD)?

As end users, we have come to love contactless payments, which are becoming a bigger part of daily life. So what features let contactless cards make payments without touching the POS terminal? There are two classes: MSD cards and Contactless EMV cards.

Smartphone and Android POS device used as commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices for accepting payments

Online & Authorization

What are Commercial Off-the-Shelf Devices (COTS)?

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products and services are ready-made, packaged solutions adapted to a purchasing organization's needs, rather than custom-built ones. In payment systems, COTS includes ready-made payment apps for phones and Android POS devices.

Credit card with digital security code animation

Credit Card

What is dCVV2?

Most of us are familiar with CVV2/CVC2 - the security code on the back of a card, usually three digits. So what is dCVV2? Here's how dynamic CVV technology works and why Visa introduced it for online payments.

Table listing ISO 4217 currency codes, numeric codes, and minor units for countries worldwide

ATM

What is ISO 4217?

ISO 4217, also known as the currency code standard, defines the three-letter abbreviations assigned to currencies. The ISO 4217 code list is used extensively in banking and business. In some countries, exchange offices rely on these codes alone.

UnionPay logo

Merchant & POS

What Is UnionPay?

UnionPay International (UPI) is a China UnionPay subsidiary founded in November 2012. Together with more than 1,000 institutions worldwide, UPI provides international card acceptance in 160 countries and card issuance in more than 40 countries and regions.

Contactless reader device attached to a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

What Is a Contactless Reader?

These are devices connected to a POS terminal that allow fast payments, up to a certain limit, using contactless credit cards or prepaid cards by tapping them on the contactless reader instead of the POS's card reader. Can every POS have a contactless reader attached?

Customer making a contactless payment by tapping a card on a POS terminal

Contactless

What Is a Contactless Transaction?

A contactless transaction is a fast and secure payment made between a credit card and a POS terminal without direct contact, without reading the card's chip or magnetic stripe. Both the card and POS terminal must support contactless transactions.