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Screenshot of an Address Verification Service (AVS) response code table

Merchant & POS

What is Address Verification Service (AVS)?

Address Verification Service (AVS) is a fraud prevention system that helps limit fraud and chargebacks when used effectively. It verifies that the address a customer enters matches the cardholder's address on file with the issuer.

Illustration showing how an Application Identifier (AID) is used in a chip card transaction

EMV

What is an Application Identifier (AID)?

The AID tells the terminal which applications are present on a chip during a POS or ATM transaction. What does the AID do? It lets the terminal determine whether it supports an application on the chip. In Tag 9F06, it is 5-16 digits long.

American Express (Amex) card and logo

Credit Card

What Is an Amex (American Express) Card?

Amex is short for American Express, a payment scheme like Mastercard, Visa, or TROY. Learn its history, what sets Amex cards apart, and whether every website accepts them.

Customer making a contactless payment by tapping a card on a POS terminal

Contactless

What Is a Contactless Transaction?

A contactless transaction is a fast and secure payment made between a credit card and a POS terminal without direct contact, without reading the card's chip or magnetic stripe. Both the card and POS terminal must support contactless transactions.

Diagram explaining the Visa Purchase Return Authorization process for card refunds

Credit Card

What Is Purchase Return Authorization?

A structure developed by Visa for purchase refund transactions. The purchase return authorization message lets cardholders view their refund transactions in real time, improving the customer refund experience.

UnionPay logo

Merchant & POS

What Is UnionPay?

UnionPay International (UPI) is a China UnionPay subsidiary founded in November 2012. Together with more than 1,000 institutions worldwide, UPI provides international card acceptance in 160 countries and card issuance in more than 40 countries and regions.

Illustration of a physician POS (doctor POS) device used in medical practices

Merchant & POS

What is Physician POS (Doctor POS)?

Doctor POS devices are POS terminals designed for physicians, dentists, and veterinarians who are income taxpayers, meeting the requirements set out in the General Communique of the Tax Procedure Law (VUK).

Smart Payment Association (SPA) logo

Payment Systems

What is SPA (Smart Payment Association)?

The Smart Payment Association (SPA) is the trade association of the smart payments industry. It provides leadership and expert guidance to help members and customers realize smart, secure and personalized payment systems and services, now and in the future.

Diagram illustrating the EMV Tag-Length-Value (TLV) data structure used in card transactions

Online & Authorization

What are EMV Tags?

In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.