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"authorization code"

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Merchant calling the bank from a POS terminal to report a suspicious Code 10 transaction

Merchant & POS

What is a Code 10 message?

Code 10 is when a merchant suspects the cardholder or the card is counterfeit and calls the card's bank, which then verifies the transaction with the merchant's bank. If staff suspect a card or cardholder, they should call the bank immediately.

Table of ISO 8583 amount and currency field values for a sample transaction

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F4, F5, F6, F49, F50, F51)

Fields F4, F5, F6, F49, F50, and F51 are the Amount and Currency fields sent in the authorization message. For example, for a 300 Euro transaction, the amount and currency information sent in these fields is as follows.

Diagram explaining the System Trace Audit Number (STAN) field in a payment transaction

Merchant & POS

What is a System Trace Audit Number (STAN)?

The System Trace Audit Number (STAN) is a number assigned by the third-party system (ATM or POS) to help uniquely identify a transaction. It is generated in the range 000001 to 999999. Each new authorization message needs a new STAN; retries reuse the original STAN.

Example of a POS transaction receipt (slip)

Merchant & POS

Don't Dismiss the POS Receipt

In daily credit card purchases, the POS produces two receipts: the Customer Copy and the Merchant Copy. The cardholder gets the customer copy; the merchant keeps its own copy by law.

Diagram illustrating card fraud and forgery in card payments

Security

What Is Forgery in Card Payments?

Forgery in card payments means transactions made with card details without the cardholder's knowledge, or purchases with counterfeit or stolen cards. Merchants cannot eliminate fraud and chargeback risk, but they should aim to reduce it to reasonable levels.

Diagram explaining 3D Secure, Half 3D, and Non 3D e-commerce transaction levels

Merchant & POS

What is an E-commerce Transaction?

E-Commerce can briefly be described as the sale and purchase of products over the internet, a term used since 1969. Virtual POS operates behind e-commerce transactions, which take place at different levels: Non 3D, Half 3D, and Full 3D Secure.

Diagram showing 3D Secure, Half 3D Secure, and Non-3D Secure transaction flows based on VERes and PARes response codes

Payment Systems

What is a Half 3D Secure transaction?

A Half 3D Secure transaction is, in short, the term used when the merchant supports 3D Secure but the card does not. Can such transactions occur as 3D Secure/Half Secure when the merchant does not support 3D Secure? A transaction started without the 3D process is treated as Non-Secure.

Diagram illustrating the structure of the AFL (Application File Locator) field on an EMV card

Merchant & POS

What is AFL (Application File Locator)?

AFL (Application File Locator) is the field that shows where on the card the data needed for the authorization transaction is located. AFL is a list of the application data records on the card, and the terminal uses it to read the application data.

Diagram illustrating how a transaction's 3D Secure authentication level is determined

3D Secure

How is a transaction's 3D Secure level determined?

Especially with the growth of the internet, credit card transactions have started shifting from physical POS terminals to virtual POS terminals. In virtual transactions, the 3D Secure structure is used instead of the card PIN entered in physical transactions. So how is a transaction's…

Merchant category code (MCC) and POS agreement illustration

Merchant & POS

What Should a Merchant Do When It Changes Its Line of Business?

When signing a merchant agreement, merchants declare their line of business, which banks record as an MCC (Merchant Category Code). A merchant may only sell products or services within the line of business declared to its bank.