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Virtual currency versus electronic money

Payment Institutions & E-Money

Are Virtual Currency and Electronic Money the Same?

No. Virtual currency is a digital representation of value not issued by any central bank, credit institution or e-money institution. Electronic money is defined in Turkish law and is tied to an electronic money institution.

Illustration of personal data protection under the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)

Merchant & POS

What is the Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)?

The Personal Data Protection Law was adopted by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 24/03/2016 and published in Official Gazette No. 29677 on 07/04/2016. It protects individuals' rights in the processing of personal data and sets the rules that data controllers must follow.

Diagram showing the flow of incoming and outgoing files in the clearing system between banks

Clearing

Clearing System Files: Incoming and Outgoing Files

The clearing system settles a transaction between two participants when a card from one bank is used at another bank's POS or ATM. Learn about the incoming and outgoing files used in interbank clearing.

Sample Letter of Approval document for EMV terminal certification

Merchant & POS

What Is a Letter of Approval (LoA)?

A Letter of Approval (LoA) is a written approval from a card scheme or certification body letting a company proceed with a certified function. Learn how it works.

Illustration of a 3D Secure payment verification screen

Merchant & POS

What is a 3D Secure transaction?

In e-commerce transactions, the system developed to increase transaction security for payments made with credit and debit cards is called 3D Secure. When paying with 3D Secure, a special payment screen provided by the banks appears on the user's screen.

ISO 8583 field 19 acquiring institution country code

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F19)

F19 — Acquiring Institution Country Code: the country to which the location of the acquiring bank's device (ATM, POS, etc.) belongs.

Illustration of remote identity verification and open banking in digital banking

Laws & Regulations

Remote Identity Verification, Reliance on Third Parties and Open Banking

Digitalization is changing how banks onboard customers. This post covers digital identity, verification methods, what the Turkish ID card offers, and Article 43 of the Regulation on Information Systems of Banks and Electronic Banking Services on remote identity verification and open banking.