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Illustration explaining the concept of the first online transaction after a card PIN change

Merchant & POS

What Does First Online Transaction Mean?

In payment systems, an online transaction means the transaction is sent to the card or POS/ATM bank at the moment it occurs, and required checks are obtained from that system. So does every transaction happen online? Of course not. Especially with contactless...

POS terminal used for processing card payments at a merchant

Merchant & POS

How Does a POS Device Communicate with the POS Bank?

A POS is a functional device with its own dedicated software, customized to the authorization system of the bank it is connected to, that accepts credit or debit cards. The POS and the authorization system communicate using the ISO 8583 standard.

Diagram explaining how an offline chip card transaction is approved without contacting the bank

Merchant & POS

What Is an Offline Transaction?

When a chip card transaction is made at a POS, it may be approved by the card and the POS alone, without reaching any system (issuer or acquirer). When do the issuer and acquirer find out about it?

Diagram showing the PSE (Payment System Environment) directory used for application selection on an EMV chip card

Credit Card

What is PSE (Payment System Environment)?

PSE (Payment System Environment) is a directory on the card named 1PAY.SYS.DDF01 for a contact chip and 2PAY.SYS.DDF01 for a contactless chip. The Candidate List built via PSE is called indirect or implicit Application Selection.

Illustration representing a foreign currency POS transaction

Payment Systems

What is Foreign Currency POS? What are the key points?

Foreign Currency POS is the POS software that lets merchants process transactions in a foreign currency. Terminals without it can only collect payments in Turkish lira. It comes in two common forms: Multicurrency POS and DCC POS (Dynamic Currency Conversion).

Logo and branding of BKM, Turkey's Interbank Card Center

Payment Systems

What is BKM (Interbank Card Center)?

BKM, short for Interbank Card Center, is a legal entity established in 1990 with contributions from 13 public and private Turkish banks to provide clearing and settlement for cards.

Diagram illustrating the ISO 8583 F55 field structure for ICC system related data

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F55)

F55 - INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CARD (ICC) SYSTEM RELATED DATA: the field where EMV data is written on chip cards. It consists of components such as Position, Private Data Subelements, PDS Tag, PDS Length, and PDS Value...

Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey and BKM logos

Payment System Institutions

Central Bank Becomes a Partner of BKM

According to the CBRT's official website, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey has become the controlling shareholder of the Interbank Card Center (BKM), using the authority granted by Law No. 7192.

E-commerce card data storage and security

Credit Card

Can E-Commerce Sites Store Card Details?

Legally, e-commerce sites should not store card details in their own systems; they should only use them when sending transactions. Unfortunately, some sites do not follow this rule.

Diagram illustrating the SPoC solution architecture for secure PIN entry on a COTS device

Security

What is Software-based PIN Entry on COTS (SPoC)?

Published by the PCI SSC, Software-based PIN Entry on COTS (SPoC) is a standard that provides a software-based approach for protecting PIN entry on commercial off-the-shelf devices such as smartphones and tablets.

News clipping about the arrest of hacker Hakan Karacaoglu

Fraud

Famous Hacker Caught After 8 Years

Recently the following news story appeared in the papers. Two things stood out: the hacker was a former banker, and the device he used to clone cards. In banking fraud, insiders who know the system's weak points can build schemes customers never notice.