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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) concept illustration with padlock and EU stars

Payment Systems

What Is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), (EU) 2016/679, is EU law on data protection and privacy. It gives individuals control over their personal data, requires breach notification within 72 hours, and allows fines of up to 20 million euros or 4% of annual revenue.

Payment card being checked against a card recovery bulletin of problem cards

Merchant & POS

What Is a Card Recovery Bulletin (Card Protection Bulletin)?

A Card Recovery Bulletin is a list of problem cards (lost, stolen, expired, over-limit, counterfeit or otherwise flagged) published by card schemes such as Visa or MasterCard. It shows whether a card number is listed on the date of purchase.

Payment card illustrating magnetic stripe data used for PIN verification

Credit Card

What is PVV (PIN Verification Value)?

PVV is the number encoded on a card's magnetic stripe that allows the cardholder's PIN to be verified by ATMs and POS terminals. It is a 4-digit cryptogram calculated through a cryptographic operation using the PIN and card data. The real result is longer than 4 digits.

Animated illustration of a credit card representing dynamic security code technology

Credit Card

What is a Dynamic Card Security Code (CSC)?

It is a CVV2/CVC2 code that changes every few minutes instead of the static code printed on the back of a credit card, aimed at reducing fraud risk in CNP (Card Not Present) transactions.

Diagram illustrating the tokenization and detokenization process for card payments

HCE

What Are Tokenization and Detokenization?

Tokenization generates secure data from a credit card number, using specific algorithms, for use during authorization. In CNP transactions, it removes the risk of storing or compromising the original card number.

Diagram comparing the three levels of payment-card tokenization: static, semi-dynamic and dynamic

HCE

What Are the Levels of Tokenization?

Generating a token from the card number is essential to the security of payments made with mobile devices. The level of tokenization used depends on the need and on how critical the token is. Static tokenization: the token is generated once and stored in a database.