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Workflow diagram of bank and courier file integration for card distribution

Courier & Delivery

How Is Bank Integration Done for Card Distribution via Courier?

Courier companies and banks generally carry out the card distribution process through file exchanges. (Some banks also use web service integration; in that case the information normally sent via file is transmitted within the service.) With the courier...

YTH clearing file prefix fields F32, F93, F94 and F100

Clearing

What Are the Prefix Fields in the YTH IN File?

YTH stands for Yurtiçi Takas Hesaplaşma (Domestic Clearing and Settlement), the general name of the clearing system managed by BKM. In the clearing system, prefix values are held in fields F32, F93, F94 and F100.

Diagram illustrating the EMV Tag-Length-Value (TLV) data structure used in card transactions

Online & Authorization

What are EMV Tags?

In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.

Diagram illustrating the appeal stage of the card dispute and chargeback process between issuer, acquirer and card scheme

Payment Systems

What Is an Appeal? What Does It Mean in Payment Systems?

In payment systems, an “appeal” is the process of objecting to the outcome of a transaction dispute. It is usually discussed alongside chargebacks, but it plays a critical role in interbank dispute resolution, when a party asks the card scheme to re-evaluate a concluded decision.

Example of a parcel barcode label used in courier shipments

Courier & Delivery

What Is a Parcel Barcode Number and Why Is It Used?

A parcel barcode number, as the name suggests, is a barcode specific to a parcel, printed on it so that deliveries with similar characteristics can be sent in a separate parcel. It is produced in accordance with EAN-13 standards, like a regular barcode.

Diagram illustrating the ISO 8583 F55 field structure for ICC system related data

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F55)

F55 - INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CARD (ICC) SYSTEM RELATED DATA: the field where EMV data is written on chip cards. It consists of components such as Position, Private Data Subelements, PDS Tag, PDS Length, and PDS Value...

Diagram of the EMV application selection flow between the terminal and the card

Merchant & POS

EMV Chip Transaction Processing - What Is Application Selection?

In EMV transactions, Application Selection is the process of choosing among the applications supported by both the card and the terminal. It is the first stage of authorization, so it is very important. This post covers the PSE and List of AIDs methods.

Diagram of a partial authorization where an issuer approves only part of the requested amount

Merchant & POS

What Are the Partial Authorization Requirements for an Acquirer Bank?

Partial authorization lets an issuer approve part of the requested amount when the card lacks the full balance, with the rest paid another way. This post covers the technical, receipt, clearing, reconciliation, merchant and certification requirements for acquirers.