
ISO 8583
ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F95)
DE 95, Replacement Amounts, shows the transaction amount information in full or partial reversals. Here are its subfields and how it relates to F4.
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ISO 8583
DE 95, Replacement Amounts, shows the transaction amount information in full or partial reversals. Here are its subfields and how it relates to F4.

Payment Systems
All e-money institutions are authorized to issue e-money under Article 18, paragraph 2 of Law No. 6493. In addition, the payment services they are authorized to provide under Article 12 of Law No. 6493 are shown in the table below.

Fraud
Fraud management is used to detect possible fraud on customer accounts and provides additional security for transactions when necessary, making it one of the top priorities for banks.

Merchant & POS
According to the Central Bank, the maximum commission rates banks may charge merchants are based on a reference rate: the latest two-week weighted average interest rate on 32–45 day Turkish lira deposits.

Merchant & POS
An offline transaction is one approved by the card and the POS themselves, without going to any system (the card's bank or the POS's bank), when a chip card transaction is made at a POS. For this reason, some sectors considered risky are restricted.

Credit Card
BIN is short for Bank Identification Number: a unique, bank-specific number created under ISO/IEC 7812 standards that shows which bank a card belongs to. It is the first 6 digits of a card.

Online & Authorization
A reference guide to authorization response codes seen on POS and ATM transactions, with plain-language explanations of what each code means and what to do about it.

Payment Systems
TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.

ISO 8583
F60-ADVICE REASON CODE: Used to indicate the specific purpose of an advice/reversal message. It is 60 characters long.

Online & Authorization
In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.

Credit Card
KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.

Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrencies are becoming part of everyday life and are expected to compete seriously with card payments. This glossary explains the key crypto terms, from address, altcoin and arbitrage to halving, mining, proof of stake and stop-loss.