Author
Payment systems expert and technology executive
Arif Ünal is a technology executive with more than 20 years of experience in banking, fintech and payment systems. He writes about card payments (issuing and acquiring), POS, ATM, e-money, FAST and Turkish payments regulation (BRSA and CBRT). He has held senior roles at Finagotech and managed payment systems and digital banking teams at Emlak Katılım, Vakıf Katılım and Türkiye Finans. He holds a B.Sc. in Industrial Engineering from Istanbul University and an M.Sc. in Management Information Systems from Marmara University.
976 articles
Laws & Regulations
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) extended the compliance deadlines for digital wallets and GEÇİT. The digital wallet deadline moved from 7 October 2024 to 7 April 2025.
Merchant & POS
The Transaction Success Rate (TSR) is a key performance metric measuring the percentage of attempted payment transactions that complete successfully, and a critical indicator of overall payment health.
Payment Systems
Couriers are used to physically deliver cards (credit, debit, prepaid) to customers. Here is a brief look at the card's life cycle, from application and printing to courier sorting and final delivery.
Payment Systems
The Interbank Card Center (BKM) periodically publishes payment systems reports on its website, making it possible to follow the sector's development. The report on mobile contactless and QR code payments is available on the BKM site.
Security
The TBB book 'Fraud Detection and Prevention Methods in Banking' analyzes the types of fraud threatening the banking and finance sector and individuals, with examples from the world and Turkey, and offers protection recommendations. This post explains how to access it.
Payment Systems
The Ödeme İste (Request to Pay) System is a value-added service aiming to improve the customer experience in FAST, Türkiye's instant and continuous funds transfer system.
FAST
The CBRT has raised the FAST transaction amount limits. As of 4 April 2024, the limit is 100 thousand TL for money transfers and 250 thousand TL for merchant payments made with the FAST-TR QR code.
Credit Card
Current information: this post describes the limit that applied at the time of publication. According to a BRSA letter to banks, the PIN-free contactless transaction limit, raised to 750 TL in July 2022, will become 1500 TL from 1 July 2024.
Payment Systems
Under the EU Digital Markets Act, Apple will let third-party developers in the European Economic Area offer NFC contactless payments inside iOS apps without Apple Pay or Apple Wallet, opening the way for banks and payment services to launch their own tap-to-pay solutions.
Payment System Institutions
These are credit institutions providing financing to individuals and companies for purchasing goods and services. Financing companies specialize mainly in vehicle loans, offering fast and flexible point-of-sale solutions distinct from banks.
Payment Systems
Official Gazette No. 32332 dated 07.10.2023 published the amending Regulation and Communiqué covering digital wallets, e-money, share transfers, cloud outsourcing, remote identity verification and card system choice.
Payment Systems
The CBRT reset the minimum equity amounts for payment and e-money institutions: 10 million TL for bill payment institutions, 20 million TL for other payment institutions and 55 million TL for e-money institutions.