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Diagram illustrating the PIN Change/Unblock command process

EMV

What Is Pin Change/Unblock?

The Pin Change/Unblock command is used after card issuance to let the issuer remove a card's PIN block, or instantly change the reference PIN and remove its block, as well.

Diagram illustrating the PIN Try Counter concept on a payment card chip

Credit Card

What Is PIN (Personal Identification Number) Try Counter?

The PIN Try Counter is a value stored on the card's chip showing the number of remaining offline PIN attempts. Each incorrect offline PIN entry decreases it by 1, and it resets when the correct PIN is entered.

Illustration of POS terminal certification testing for Visa and MasterCard payment schemes

Merchant & POS

What are Visa ADVT & VpTT and MasterCard M-TIP?

In order for a bank's POS devices to process transactions with payment scheme cards (Visa, MasterCard, Troy, etc.), they must pass certain test and control steps. Visa and MasterCard have test tools that include test cards and test scenarios for this purpose…

Diagram of ISO/IEC card standards defining credit card dimensions and layout

Credit Card

Standards that define credit card design and operation

When payment systems come to mind, credit cards are usually the first thing people think of. Credit cards are produced according to specific standards, both in visual design and during printing. These standards belong to the ISO/IEC 781X family.

Illustration of a money transfer being sent from one payment card to another

Credit Card

What Is a Card-to-Card Money Transfer?

Card-to-Card Money Transfer (CCMT) lets customers send money 24/7 from a credit, debit, or prepaid card to another card via ATM, internet banking, call center, or mobile app.

Illustration of withdrawing cash from an ATM using a QR code generated in a mobile banking app

ATM

Withdrawing Cash with a QR Code

With the advancement of technology, cash withdrawal methods have also diversified. The latest trend is withdrawing cash with a QR code. By generating a QR code through the mobile branch app of a bank that supports this feature, customers can withdraw cash from an ATM without a card.

Diagram showing how an international card transaction is processed

Online & Authorization

How does the international transaction flow work?

When a card transaction is made abroad, banks usually calculate the cost from a percentage commission, a fixed commission, and an exchange rate margin. The flow starts when the customer requests a cash withdrawal at a foreign ATM.

Diagram illustrating the Track 1 data structure and field layout on a magnetic stripe card

Credit Card

What is Track 1?

Track 1 is a special data set encoded on a card's magnetic stripe that contains the card information required for authorization when the card is used physically. It includes the cardholder name, card number, and expiration date.

New BIN card product launch process

Credit Card

What Happens When a Product Is Launched Under a New BIN?

When banks launch a new card product, they can do it under an existing BIN or a new one. A new BIN requires much more work: BKM announces it, every bank defines it and every POS has to download it.

Illustration representing bank credit card limit management

Credit Card

How is limit management done in banks?

In transactions carried out through banks, a certain limit is set due to the rules and requirements of institutions such as the BRSA (BDDK) and MASAK, as well as the measures banks take to reduce risk, and transactions above this limit are not approved. In the world of payment systems…

Card skimming and copied card details

Credit Card

What Should I Do If My Card Details Are Copied?

Card copying usually happens with magnetic stripe debit cards. As soon as you notice your card details have been copied, you can close the card, renew it or change its PIN.