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Merchant & POS
When a transaction is made through a POS, it is recorded both on the POS itself and in the acquiring bank's authorization system. At batch close, the POS sends all its transactions to the bank, which reconciles them against its own records.
FAST
The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) has implemented a significant limit increase in the FAST system. Under the regulation effective August 26, 2026, the FAST money transfer limit was raised from TRY 100,000 to TRY 300,000. The same increase also applies to Request to Pay...
Payment Systems
Message 200 is generated for transactions initiated from POS applications, and the acquiring bank responds with message 210. Learn how 100/110 messages route approvals via the issuing bank, and common rejection reasons.
Merchant & POS
When POS devices given to merchants are replaced or taken back, they must be returned in working order. A device that cannot be repaired, or only at high cost, is classified as a scrap POS.
Payment Systems
This guide, prepared in line with the regulation and its annex on TR QR Code principles and rules, gives sample mobile payment flows and defines the TR QR Code data organization for merchant-presented and consumer-presented models.
Merchant & POS
Merchants can run the end-of-day process by triggering it from the POS device or app for transactions made there. Banks can also run it centrally on merchants' behalf. The end-of-day process sends the POS's transaction totals to the bank's host system.
Payment Systems
After Russia invaded Ukraine, Visa and Mastercard suspended services for sanctioned Russian banks. This post explains the impact on cardholders and merchants, and Russia's MIR and UnionPay alternatives.
Security
Fraud means obtaining unjust gain by carrying out a transaction at a merchant or ATM using someone else's credit card or debit card, causing a loss to the real cardholder, the merchant, or the bank. So what fraud codes do Visa and Mastercard use?
Chargeback
Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...
Payment System Institutions
The European Payments Initiative (EPI), formerly known as PEPSI, is an ECB-backed payment integration initiative aiming to build a pan-European payment system and interbank network to rival Mastercard and Visa. Its founding members include BBVA, BNP Paribas, CaixaBank, Commerzbank and others.
Payment Systems
The term 'Buy Now, Pay Later' (BNPL) refers to deferring payment on a purchase to a later date. The product is delivered to the customer before any payment is made, and the customer pays afterward.
Security
Before 3D Secure 2.0, let's explain what 3D Secure is. 3D Secure is a two-layer payment authentication system that protects both the cardholder and the merchant in online payments. First released by Visa in 1999, it was later adopted by other card schemes…